ICT and Translation

Information and communications technology (ICT)Information and communication technologyrefers to all the technology used to handle telecommunications, broadcast media, intelligent building management systems, audiovisual processing and transmission systems, and network-based control and monitoring functions.
Although ICT is often considered an extended synonym for information technology (IT), its scope is more broad.
ICT has more recently been used to describe the convergence of several technologies and the use of common transmission lines carrying very diverse data and communication types and formats.
Converging technologies that exemplify ICT include the merging of audiovisual, telephone and computer networks through a common cabling system. Internet service providers (ISPs) commonly provide internet, phone and television services to homes and businesses through a single optical cable. The elimination of the telephone networks has provided huge economic incentives to implement this convergence, which eliminates many of the costs associated with cabling, signal distribution, user installation, servicing and maintenance costs.
The term “information technology” in its modern sense first appeared in a 1958 article published in the Harvard Business Review; authors Harold J. Leavitt and Thomas L. Wisler commented that “the new technology does not have a single established name. We will call it information technology (IT) ”[source not specified 314 days]. Their definition consists of three categories: processing methods, applying statistical and mathematical methods for decision-making and modeling higher-order thinking using computer programs.
Information technologies began to actively develop in the 1960s, along with the emergence and development of the first information systems (IS).

IBM released the first hard drive in 1956, as part of the 305 RAMAC computer system. Most digital data today is still stored magnetically on hard drives or optically on media such as compact discs. Until 2002, most of the information was stored on analog devices, but that year the digital capacity exceeded the analog device for the first time. As of 2007, almost 94% of the data stored worldwide has been preserved in digital form: 52% on hard drives, 28% on optical devices and 11% on a digital magnetic tape. It has been estimated that in the world, the capacity for storing information on electronic devices has grown from less than in 1986 to 295 xabytes in2007,doublingapproximatelyevery3years.

Networks

Main article: Computing Network
Currently, there are various data transmission networks - a set of communication terminal devices (terminals), connected by data transmission channels and switching devices (network nodes), which ensure the exchange of messages between all terminal devices.There are the following types of data networks:
Telephone networks - subscriber communication networks, for access to which telephone sets, PBX and data transmission equipment are used;Computer networks are networks whose terminal computers.
Telephone-The main until 2003–2004, now obsolete method for connecting to the Internet is to use a modem connected to the telephone network. Although it has all the necessary features, broadband access is preferred by many Internet users. In almost all countries of the European Union, the availability of telephone lines for households is very high, with the exception of Austria, Finland and Portugal. However, in Spain access to the main telephone networks (narrowband) has practically disappeared. In 2003, half of all Internet connections were telephone. Currently, 97% of Internet connections are made through broadband access systems. Almost 95% of connections are made at a speed greater than or equal to 1 Mbps.

Broadband-The term broadband includes a wide range of technologies that provide higher data transfer speeds, access to the Internet. These technologies use wires or fiber optic cables.

Multilink dial-upProvide increased bandwidth by connecting two or more remote access connections together and treating them as one data channel. It requires two or more modems, phone lines, and account numbers, as well as a provider that supports this technology. This option was popular for a short time before ISDN, DSL and other more modern technologies. Some manufacturers have created special modems to support this method.

ISDN

ISDN (English Integrated Services Digital Network) is a digital network with integrated services. Allows you to combine telephone services and data exchange. The name was proposed by the group XI CCITT in 1981. The main purpose of ISDN is to transfer data at speeds up to 64 kbps over a subscriber wire line and to provide integrated telecommunication services (telephone, fax, etc.). The use of telephone wires for this purpose has two advantages: they already exist and can be used to supply power to terminal equipment. TDM (Time Division Multiplexing, time multiplexing) is used to integrate various types of traffic in the ISDN network. For each type of data, a separate band is allocated, called the elementary channel (or standard channel). A fixed, agreed bandwidth share is guaranteed for this band. The selection of the band occurs after the CALL signal is sent through a separate channel, called an extra channel signaling channel.

Translation
The first translators appeared in ancient times. This was due to the emergence of economic relations between countries. Translators helped the parties to the future union or conflict to understand each other. The first mentions of the masters of interpretation appeared in the Old Testament of the Bible. They are spoken of as a third party in a conversation between two people who do not understand each other’s language. With the development of civilization, the first common mode of communication appeared. Latin was used to negotiate at the highest level. Almost every high-ranking officials had their own translator. He knew several languages ​​and translated the speeches of ambassadors from other states. In the case of ignorance of one or another adverb, the interpreter interpreted from Latin. Over time, such experts are highly valued. They taught foreign languages ​​to grandees. Thus, in the Renaissance, noble people had to be proficient in several languages. In the Russian Federation, translators appeared long ago. Initially, they represented a school of literalists who believed that a literal translation was important, and not a transfer of a general meaning. However, in the 70s of the 20th century, the interpreter movement began to dominate. They proved that it is important to convey the general meaning and emotional message of the author, rather than small details that are sometimes inappropriate for the domestic reader. In the period of the collapse of the USSR, this profession was not too popular. This is due to the low salary of translators. However, with the development of the post-Soviet economy and diplomacy, this profession is again in demand. Now a good translator is a prestigious and highly paid profession demanded by prestigious companies.

The activity of a translator directly depends on the focus and type of his work. There are a number of qualifications and areas of interpretation: Translator-linguist. This is a specialist who speaks two or more foreign languages. Most universities produce translators with this qualification. Technical translation. This is a master of interpretation of narrowly focused texts and articles, saturated with specific terminology. This is usually a technical description. This type of translator has a number of divisions, depending on the branch of knowledge: aircraft engineering, pharmacology, etc. Business or business translation. Foreign languages ​​have a clear distinction between literary and legally competent speech. Translation of documents. Literary translation. This is a complete interpretation. The translator not only translates, but also adapts the text to the mentality of the readers. Interpreting or standard translator. This specialist performs the function of a link. He accompanies foreigners on excursions and business meetings, explaining to the parties the speech of the interlocutors. There are a number of more focused qualifications arising from core activities. Knowledge of the language covers a lot of different factors required in the profession.

Each working day of a translator consists of a number of specific types of work: Translation of printed texts. This is a fairly simple job, consisting in proofreading the original and interpreting it into a native or required language. Quite often, this activity is carried out using special programs, with subsequent adaptation and editing of the received text. Oral translation. Most translators are faced with the need for negotiations and excursions, which include the use of colloquial languages. Pedagogical activity. This work consists in teaching the language of other people. Usually, specialists themselves develop optimal methods. Work with the dictionary. This is an integral part of the activity of an interpreter. Even in their native language, no one knows the whole terminology, let alone talking about foreign language. Continuous self-education. The translator must improve his knowledge. For this he needs practice and lingual training. Without the regular use of their knowledge, a specialist quickly loses his skills. Search for clients. For the most part, translators are freelancers. Their earnings directly depends on the number and volume of orders. The activity of the translator can be supplemented by a number of specific and narrowly focused processes.
Demand The profession of a translator is quite highly demanded, but at the moment the market is oversaturated with standard languages ​​and mostly narrow specialists are required. The most highly sought-after translators are from Chinese, Kazakh, etc.

How much do people work in this profession? The average salary of a translator ranges from 17 to 60 thousand rubles per month. Income depends on the number of orders, the solidity of the company and the qualifications of the specialist. Is it easy to get a job A graduate will never be without work. Even if you are not lucky enough to find a job officially, you can always find orders at the labor exchange on the Internet. As usual, the career is built. Profession of a translator is an ideal option for careerists. These specialists can easily get higher positions. This is due to the fact that qualification requires knowledge in the affected specialties (management, law, etc.). Translators often become heads of departments in large companies or start their own business.

Work places

Translators are needed almost everywhere: in government agencies, in publishing houses and simply in commercial companies. Especially I want to mention travel agencies, where there are guides or guides, who are also translators.How to become an interpreter

It is sometimes possible to become a translator without special education, simply knowing great foreign language. This will allow you to find a job, if, of course, you are lucky, and someone will believe in your abilities. For more simple and reliable employment, it is better to get a higher education, becoming a philologist or linguist.

Translator's salary

It is difficult to say how much a translator earns, because many of them work at home and on piecework. And the official incomes of these specialists vary greatly - they can vary from 10 to 100 thousand rubles per month and even higher.Of course, the earnings of translators directly depend on the popularity of the language: English is taught more often than Japanese or Chinese. Therefore, the “Englishmen” find work faster, but their salaries are usually low. But the "Japanese" and "Chinese" are much smaller, and the demand for them is small, but the tariff rates are much higher.

Адрес публикации: https://www.prodlenka.org/metodicheskie-razrabotki/325101-ict-and-translation