РАЗРАБОТКА модуля учебника для старших классов

Module II

The Middle Ages

Vocabulary

Study the words in the text and then put them in the correct column

Substantial, stone, direct, descendant, semicircular, arch, churches, regarded, ruined, massive, cylindrical, pillars, castles.

Read the text and then match the styles to the pictures:

MEDIEVAL PART I: ARCHITECTURE

For more than a century after the Battle of Hastings, all substantial stone buildings in England were built in the Romanesque style. Known in the British Isles as Norman, it is a direct descendant of late Roman architecture. It was superseded from the later 12th century by a new style – the Gothic.

The early 13th-century east end of Rievaulx Abbey church, North Yorkshire

NORMAN STYLE

The chief characteristic of Norman architecture is the semicircular arch, often combined with massive cylindrical pillars. Early Norman buildings have an austere and fortress-like quality. The Chapel of St John within the Tower of London is one particularly early and atmospheric example.

In larger churches, such as Durham Cathedral and the ruined St Botolph’s Priory, Colchester, dizzying sweeps of double or triple tiers of round arches rise above one another, clerestory over gallery over main arcade.

The Norman style appears at its most uncompromising in the great keeps of castles such as Dover and Rochester in Kent and Richmond in North Yorkshire. Surviving domestic examples are far rarer, but include the so-called Jews’ Houses of Lincoln and the Constable’s House within Christchurch Castle, Dorset.

The west front of the church at Castle Acre Priory is one of the finest examples of Norman architecture and decoration in England. The doors and lower stages date from about 1140, and the upper stages followed in the next 20 years. The central window was inserted in the 15th century.

EMBELLISHMENT

St Mary’s Church, Kempley, Gloucestershire, serves as a reminder that the walls, pillars and arches of many Norman buildings were richly painted. From the early 12th century carved decoration also became more common, as seen in the chevron vault ribs of the ‘rainbow arch’ of Lindisfarne Priory, Northumberland.

Doorways were flanked by rows of columns, and topped by concentric arches often carved with zigzags, or encrusted with signs of the zodiac or animal faces. The capitals (heads) of pillars were also frequently carved – perhaps with scallops, or stylised water-lily leaves like those at Burton Agnes Manor House in Yorkshire.

Wall surfaces might be decorated with tiers of intersecting round arches carved in low relief, as at Castle Rising Castle and Castle Acre Priory in Norfolk and Wenlock Priory in Shropshire.

Lindisfarne Priory’s most dramatic feature, the ‘rainbow arch’, is a vault-rib which miraculously survived when the church tower above it collapsed. The zigzag moulding is common in Norman architecture.

THE GOTHIC AND THE EARLY ENGLISH

In the later decades of the 12th century, a new architecture began to appear. Its pointed arches were possibly derived from Islamic buildings seen by crusaders. The style was regarded with contempt by Renaissance historians, who dismissed it as ‘Gothic’ (meaning barbarous).

Initially, the new arches were simply grafted onto Norman features. At the ‘transitional’ church of Buildwas Abbey in Shropshire, for example, the main arches have shallow points while the windows above them are round-headed.

Byland Abbey, North Yorkshire, and Roche Abbey, South Yorkshire, are key examples of the new style’s rapid progress. By about 1200 a fully Gothic style, christened ‘Early English’ by the Victorians, had developed. Distinctive features included narrow pointed lancet windows, and pillars composed of clustered columns and shafts of polished marble. Whitby Abbey and parts of Rievaulx Abbey (both in North Yorkshire) were rebuilt in this style during the 1220s.

Byland Abbey church, North Yorkshire, is an outstanding example of early Gothic architecture. Completed in the 1190s, Byland was one of the first monasteries in the north of England to adopt Gothic forms, and its church, remarkable for both its size and its elaboration, proved hugely influential.

NORMAN STYLE, 2) THE GOTHIC AND THE EARLY ENGLISH,

3) EMBELLISHMENT

b) c)

Complete the phrases using the words given below:

Substantial, stone, direct descendant, semicircular, arch, churches, regarded, ruined, massive, cylindrical, pillars, castles.

All ____________________buildings in England were built in the Romanesque style.

Known in the British Isles as Norman, it is a _________________________of late Roman architecture.

The chief characteristic of Norman architecture is the ________________________, often combined with _______________________.

In larger ____________, such as Durham Cathedral and the ______________ St Botolph’s Priory, Colchester.

The style was ___________ with contempt by Renaissance historians, who dismissed it as ‘Gothic’.

The Norman style appears at its most uncompromising in the great keeps of ____________________such as Dover and Rochester in Kent and Richmond in North Yorkshire.

Complete the sentences using the verbs in brackets in the Passive voice.

For more than a century after the Battle of Hastings, all substantial stone buildings in England (build) in the Romanesque style.

It (supersede) from the later 12th century by a new style – the Gothic.

St Mary’s Church, Kempley, Gloucestershire, serves as a reminder that the walls, pillars and arches of many Norman buildings richly (paint).

The central window (insert) in the 15^th century.

Its pointed arches possibly (derive) from Islamic buildings seen by crusaders.

The style (regard) with contempt by Renaissance historians, who dismissed it as ‘Gothic’.

Initially, the new arches (graft) onto Norman features.

Home task: make a crossword puzzle on the topic.

Listening and speaking

Watch the video “MIDDLE AGE ARCHITECTURE : How The Great Cathedrals Were Built” and find out ( https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=WYdeeuS60-A).Then complete the table with your ideas and tell your partner:

Reading

Medieval Art

Medieval Art
Art during the Middle Ages saw many changes up to the emergence of the early Renaissance period. Early art subjects were initially restricted to the production of Pietistic painting (religious art or Christian art) in the form of illuminated manuscripts, mosaics and fresco paintings in churches. There were no portrait paintings in the art of the Middle Ages. The colors were generally somewhat muted. The subject of Medieval architecture is also covered in this section. The following links provide facts and interesting information about Medieval Art and Architecture and the famous artists of the Middle ages:

Medieval Architecture
Medieval Architecture styles were called Romanesque and the later style of Architecture was known as the French Style, Perpendicular or more commonly as Gothic architecture. The following dates clarify the different styles of Architecture of the Middle Ages:

Romanesque Architecture - 1066 to 1200 - Norman or Romanesque architecture

Gothic Architecture - 1200 to 1300 - Early English Gothic Architecture ( also called Lancet Gothic architecture )

Gothic Architecture - 1300 to 1400 - Decorated style of Gothic Architecture featuring Gargoyles

Perpendicular Gothic Architecture - 1400 to 1500 - Perpendicular style of Gothic Architecture

History - Christian Art and Religious iconography
Christian art and religious iconography began, about two centuries after the death of Jesus Christ. Christian art and religious iconography was originally based on the classical art styles and imagery used by the Ancient Greeks and the Ancient Romans. In the period encompassing Medieval art iconography began to be standardised and to relate more closely to the texts found in the Bible.

Medieval Art History - Byzantine Art
The capitol of the Roman Empire was Byzantium which was renamed as Constantinople. The Roman Empire was spit into two sections - the Eastern and Western part of the Roman Empire. The Western part of the Roman Empire disintegrated but the Eastern, or Byzantium Empire, stayed intact. Early Medieval Art reflect the differences between the development of the Catholic religion in the west and the Byzantium Empire of the east. Byzantine Art was the name given to the style of art used in very early years of this era or period. This period was also known as the Dark Ages ( 410 AD - 1066 AD ). The Dark Ages were followed by the Medieval times of the Middle Ages (1066 - 1485) and changes which saw the emergence of the early Renaissance Art. To appreciate the full extent of the changes in Medieval Art and the Early Renaissance it is helpful to understand its fore-runner - Byzantium Art and its effects on art during the Medieval times.

Early Art in what was the Western Empire - Romanesque Art 
The Western Empire (Europe) was dominated by warring factions and their quest for conquest and power. Early Medieval Art was initially restricted to the production of Pietistic painting (religious Christian art) in the form of illuminated manuscripts, mosaics and fresco paintings in churches. There were no portrait paintings. The colors were generally muted.

Gothic Art - Advances and Styles
The Later Middle Ages saw the emergence of Gothic Art and major advances of art in Medieval Times. During this period artists broke away from the influences of the Byzantium and Romanesque art style. It developed into Gothic highly visual art. The artists and painters were founders of the movement towards greater realism which culminated in the Renaissance art style.

Advances of Art - the Artists 
The advances of art during these times was due to the changes in more liberal religious beliefs and the efforts and the pioneering art styles developed by the artists, sculptors and painters of the period of the Middle Ages. The most important and famous artists and sculptors of the Middle Ages included Donatello, Giotto, Leon Battista Alberti, Cimabue, Filippo Brunelleschi, Fra Angelico and Lorenzo Ghiberti. A short biography and timeline of these artists can be accessed from the above links. 

Advances of Art - the Women Artists 
The advances of art in relation to women artists was due to the changes in more liberal religious beliefs and the efforts and the pioneering art styles developed by the female artists, illuminators, sculptors and painters. Many women took religious orders during this period and were allowed to work on such projects as creating the most beautiful illuminated manuscripts.

Different Types of Medieval Art
Medieval art increased from the type depicted in Pietistic painting (religious paintings) in the form  displayed in illuminated manuscripts, mosaics and fresco paintings in churches. Medieval art included the following art by type:

Illuminated manuscript

Metalwork especially bronze art

Silversmith and Goldsmith and new forms of jewelry

Painting

Fresco

Panel painting

Embroidery and tapestry art such as the Bayeux Tapestry

Ceramic art

Mosaic

Tessera

Sculpture

Engraving

Stained Glass art

Heraldry

Answer True or False. If the phrase is false, correct it.

There were portrait paintings in the art of the Middle Ages.

The colors were generally somewhat bright.

Christian art and religious iconography began, about two centuries after the death of Jesus Christ.

Early Medieval Art reflect the differences between the development of the Catholic religion in the west and the Byzantium Empire of the east.

The emperors were founders of the movement towards greater realism which culminated in the Renaissance art style.

Complete the phrases about art using the words below:

Christian, early, women, religious, illuminated manuscripts, mosaics and fresco, the Bible, iconography, visual

The ____________Renaissance period

____________art

____________art

_________________________________________paintings in churches

Religious _______________________

the texts in ________________

______________________art

________________artists

Grammar

Remember the rule about degrees of comparison of adjectives and adverbs then complete this rule.

Complete the table with degrees of comparison:

Complete the sentences using adverbs and adjectives in necessary form.

Medieval Architecture styles were called Romanesque and the later style of Architecture was known as the French Style, Perpendicular or (commonly) as Gothic architecture.

The advances of art during these times was due to the changes in (liberal) religious beliefs and the efforts and the pioneering art styles developed by the artists, sculptors and painters of the period of the Middle Ages.

The (important) and famous artists and sculptors of the Middle Ages included Donatello, Giotto, Leon Battista Alberti, Cimabue, Filippo Brunelleschi, Fra Angelico and Lorenzo Ghiberti.

Many women took religious orders during this period and were allowed to work on such projects as creating the (beautiful) illuminated manuscripts.

In the period encompassing Medieval art iconography began to be standardized and to relate (closely) to the texts found in the Bible.

Home task: make a project “The most famous cathedrals and castles of Medieval Ages in Great Britain” and present it.

Answer keys:

Vocabulary

Study the words in the text and then put them in the correct column

Reading

Read the text and then match the styles to the pictures:

A , 2) C, 3) B .

3. Complete the phrases using the words given below:

1. All substantial stone buildings in England were built in the Romanesque style.

2. Known in the British Isles as Norman, it is a direct descendant of late Roman architecture.

3. The chief characteristic of Norman architecture is the semicircular arch, often combined with massive cylindrical pillars.

4. In larger churches, such as Durham Cathedral and the ruined St Botolph’s Priory, Colchester.

5. The style was regarded with contempt by Renaissance historians, who dismissed it as ‘Gothic’ (meaning barbarous).

6. The Norman style appears at its most uncompromising in the great keeps of castles such as Dover and Rochester in Kent and Richmond in North Yorkshire.

4. Complete the sentences using the verbs in brackets in the Passive voice.

1. For more than a century after the Battle of Hastings, all substantial stone buildings in England were built in the Romanesque style.

2. It was superseded from the later 12th century by a new style – the Gothic.

3.St Mary’s Church, Kempley, Gloucestershire, serves as a reminder that the walls, pillars and arches of many Norman buildings were richly painted.

4. The central window was inserted in the 15th century.

5. Its pointed arches were possibly derived from Islamic buildings seen by crusaders.

6. The style was regarded with contempt by Renaissance historians, who dismissed it as ‘Gothic’ (meaning barbarous).

7. Initially, the new arches were simply grafted onto Norman features.

Reading :Medieval Art

1. Answer True or False. If the phrase is false, correct it.

False; 2. False; 3.True; 4.True; 5. False

2.Complete the phrases about art using the words below:

1. The early Renaissance period; 2. Religious art; 3. Christian art;

4. Illuminated manuscripts, mosaics and fresco paintings in churches;

5. Religious iconography; 6. the texts in the Bible; 7. Visual art; 8. Women artist;

Grammar

1.Remember the rule about degrees of comparison of adjectives and adverbs then complete this rule.

1.two; 2. Comparative; 3. Superlative; 4. Positive; 5. Simple; 6. Compound;

2.Complete the table with degrees of comparison

3.Complete the sentences using adverbs and adjectives in necessary form.

1. Medieval Architecture styles were called Romanesque and the later style of Architecture was known as the French Style, Perpendicular or more commonly as Gothic architecture.

2. The advances of art during these times was due to the changes in more liberal religious beliefs and the efforts and the pioneering art styles developed by the artists, sculptors and painters of the period of the Middle Ages.

3. The most important and famous artists and sculptors of the Middle Ages included Donatello, Giotto, Leon Battista Alberti, Cimabue, Filippo Brunelleschi, Fra Angelico and Lorenzo Ghiberti.

4. Many women took religious orders during this period and were allowed to work on such projects as creating the most beautiful illuminated manuscripts.

5. In the period encompassing Medieval art iconography began to be standardized and to relate more closely to the texts found in the Bible.

Адрес публикации: https://www.prodlenka.org/metodicheskie-razrabotki/357058-razrabotka-modulja-uchebnika-dlja-starshih-kl