Методическая разработка по подготовке к ЕГЭ ,раздел Лексика. «Словообразование»

приставка

значение

примеры

a-, an-,ab-

without, not/без

atypical, anhydrous, abnormal

ambi-

both/оба

ambivalent

ante-

before/до

antedate, anteroom

anti-

against opposite/против

antislavery, antifascist

auto-

self/само

automobile

bi-

two/два

biannual

co-; com-

together with, joint/вместе

coexist, co-author

counter-

opposite/против

counterattack

de-

to reverse an action, to remove, to deprive of/"минус"

demobilise, decentralise

dis-

not, opposite of/не

disconnect, disobey

en-

to put into, to make/делать

enlarge, enclose

ex-

jrevious, former/бывший

ex-minister

extra-

outside, beyond/дополнительный

extracurricular

hyper-

overly, excessive/гипер

hypertension

in, il, im, ir

not, without, lacking/не

incomplete, irregular, illegal

infra-

below, beneath/ниже

infrastructure

inter-

between, among/между

international

intra-

within/внутри

intravenous

macro-

large/макро

macrocomputer

mal-

bad, wrongful ill/плохо

maltreat, malnutrition

micro-

small/маленький

microchip

mid-

in the middle of/средний

mid-June

mis-

wrongly, bad, astray/не

misbehave

mono-

one, single/один

monorail

multi-

many/много

multipurpose

neo-

new, recent/новый

neoconservative

non-

not/не

non-essential

omni-

all/всё

omnipotent

post-

after/после

post-war

pre-

before/до

prehistoric

pro-

in favour of/за

prodemocratic

re-

again, back/повторное действие

re-elect, reopen

retro-

back/обратно

retroactive

semi-

partly, half/наполовину

semicircle

sub-

under, less than normal/под

subway, subnormal

super-

above, beyond, greater than/супер

supermarket, superman

syn-sym-

together, at the same time/вместе

synthesis

trans-

across/через

transatlantic

ultra-

extremely, beyond/очень

ultramodern

un-

not, opposite/не

unknown, undisturbed

uni-

one/1

uniform

суффикс

значение

слово

произв. слово

-асу -су

state

candidate

candidacy

-age

result process

drain

drainage

-ance -ence

state quality

guide exist

guidance existence

-ant -ent

agent doer

consult reside

consultant resident

-action

action

condemn

condemnation

-ition -ion

state result

abolish fuse

abolition fusion

-dom

condition state domain

wise king

wisdom kingdom

-ее

one receiving action

trust

trustee

-eer

doer, worker

engine

engineer

-er, -or

doer, maker resident

narrate London

narrator Londoner

-ful

amount

spoon

spoonful

-hood

state condition

child

childhood

-ism

system

feudal

feudalism

-ity

state, quality

valid

validity

-ive

agent, doer

detect

detective

-ment

action, result

amaze

amazement

-ness

quality, state

vivid

vividness

-(e)ry

people or things as a whole

rob dentist

robbery dentistry

-ship

state condition

member

membership

-tude

quality, state

serve

servitude

-ure

result, means

depart

departure

-y

result, action

jealous

jealousy

суффикс

значение

слово

произв. слово

-able -ible

able capable of

reason

reasonable

-at

characteristic of

season

seasonal

-ant -ent

doing, showing

appear observe

appearent observant

-ary

tending to

fragment

fragmentary

-ate

Full of, having

affection

affectionate

-en

made of, like

gold

golden

-ful

full of, having

wonder

wonderful

-ic

relating to, characteristic of

German romance

Germanic romantic

-ive

given to

attract

attractive

-less

lacking, without

life

lifeless

-like

similar like

ape bell

apelike bell-like

-ly

like characteristic of

mother

motherly

-ous

full of marked by

fury

furious

-some

apt to

trouble

troublesome

-ward

in the direction of

west

westward

-у

like, showing

shade

shady

суффикс

значение

слово

произв. слово

-an, -ian

belonging

America

American

-ese

smth or smb of a place or a style

Japan

Japanese

-ine

smth or smb characteristic of

Florence

Florentine

-ish

smth characteristic of

Spain

Spanish

-ist

doer, believer, related to

Buddha

Buddhist

-ite

(smth or someone) characteristic of

Israel

Israelite

суффикс

значение

слово

произв. слово

-ate

become, form, treat

hyphen

hyphenate

-en

make, cause to be

wide

widen

-fy. -ify

cause make to be

solid

solidify

-ize

make, cause to be

central

centralise

acclamation acclimation

enthusiastic approval; praise adjustment to a new climate or environment

affect effect

to influence, to pretend a result, to achieve a result

accept except

to agree to take; to assume, to approve but; to omit

discomfit discomfort

to throw into confusion; to thwart to make uncomfortable; lack of comfort

emigrate immigrate

to leave one’s country for another country о settle in a new country

clothes cloths

garments fabrics

ingenious ingenuous

clever; inventive without guile, naive

formally formerly

politely, officially, according to custom or rule previously

later latter

after some time the second of two mentioned

moral morale

virtuous, ethical spirit, mental condition

lightening lightning

making lighter in colour a visible electrical discharge in the atmosphere

personal personnel

individual, private employees, staff

than then

in comparison with at that time, next

precede proceed

to come before to move on, to continue