В английском языке один и тот же звук имеет несколько способов буквенного выражения:

[i:] - ea (meat, sea); ee (see, tree); ei (receive, conceive); ie (chief, field);

[α:] - alm (calm, palm); alf (half, calf); ant (plant); ass (class, pass); ear (heart);

[o:] - all (call, tall); au (autumn); aught (daughter); aw (saw, draw); ought (brought); or (horse, door);

[u:] - oo (too, moon); ou (group, soup);

[ә:]=[з:] - ear (earn, learn); er (her); ir (dirty, skirt);

[Λ] - ou (trouble); oo (blood);

[au] - ou (out, round); ow (down, now);

[әu] - oa (boat, road); ow (know, slow); oll, old (roll, cold);

[oi] - oi (boil, oil); oy (boy, toy);

[αi] - igh (right, sight); ing (sing); ild (child, mild); ind (blind, kind);

[ei] - ai (rain, plain); ay (day, way); ey (grey, they); eigh (eight);

[iә] - ere (here); ear (ear);

[eә] - are (care); ere (where);

[uә] - oor (poor); our (tour).