Great Britain» Методическое пособие для внеаудиторных самостоятельных работ по дисциплине «Английский язык

^{Государственное бюджетное образовательное учреждение}

^{среднего профессионального образования}

^{«Тяжинский агропромышленный техникум»}

«GreatBritain»

Методическое пособие

для внеаудиторных самостоятельных работ

по дисциплине «Английский язык»

Тяжинский

2014

^{Государственное бюджетное образовательное учреждение}

^{среднего профессионального образования}

^{«Тяжинский агропромышленный техникум»}

«GreatBritain»

Методическое пособие

по страноведению английского языка

для обучающихсяI-II курсов

социально-экономический и технический циклов

основной профессиональной образовательной программы

по специальностям НПО и СПО

Тяжинский

2014

Составитель: преподаватель иностранных языков ГБОУ СПО ТАПТ I категории Т.М. Маранина

«GreatBritain»[Текст]: Методическое пособие / Автор- составитель: Т.М. Маранина.- Тяжинский, 2014 .- 27 с.

Методическое пособие по страноведению английского языка для обучающихся ОУ СПО и НПО рассмотрено и утверждено на заседании цикловой комиссии ООД ГБОУ СПО ТАПТ 11.12. 2014 года и рекомендовано к изданию научно-методическим советом ГБОУ СПО ТАПТ 11.12.2014

Методические пособие предназначено для обучающихся ОУ СПО и НПО,составленного по ФГОС третьего поколения с целью расширения страноведческих знаний о Великобритании, а также практических умений общения и навыков перевода. Методическое пособие будет интересно как учащимся старших классов общеобразовательных школ, так и обучающимся ОУ НПО, ОУ СПО и педагогам, оказывая методическую помощь в подборке материалов.

© Государственное бюджетное образовательное учреждение

среднего профессионального образования

«Тяжинский агропромышленный техникум»

Содержание

Пояснительная записка...........................................................................................4

Методические указания для обучающихся.......................................................... 5

Часть 1.Британские острова. Лондон. …..............................................................6

Часть 2. Британия в мире. Политика, экономика и промышленность...............8

Часть 3. Учёба, работа, праздники.......................................................................11

Часть 4. Театр, кино, музыка...............................................................................15

Часть 5. Литература, средства массовой информации.....................................17

Часть 6. Магазины. Спорт....................................................................................19

Часть 7. Транспорт. Окружающая среда.............................................................21

Рекомендации по выполнению итогового теста................................................23

Итоговый тест........................................................................................................24

Приложение 1.........................................................................................................24

Приложение 2.........................................................................................................25

Используемая литература.....................................................................................27

Пояснительная записка

Методическое пособие предлагает расширить знания обучающихся об истории Великобритании, о повседневной жизни англичан, о политике и экономике, о защите окружающей среды, и о занятости населения, о спорте.

Методическое пособие предназначено для преподавателей и обучающихся I-II курсов, которые уже владеют некоторой информацией по данной теме, и кому будет интересно узнать больше об этой стране.

В качестве практических целей обучения выделяется развитие навыков говорения, чтения и письма.

Целью методического пособия является: расширение страноведческих знаний, развитие всех основных навыков речевой деятельности, расширение лингвистического кругозора.

Задачи:

-приобретение обучающимися навыков диалогической и монологической речи;

-расширение представлений о различных сферах жизни Великобритании;

-систематизация страноведческого материала.

Методическое пособие состоит из 7 частей (географическое положение, достопримечательности, экономика, праздники, учеба, отдых, рынок труда, спорт) и итогового теста. Содержание методического пособия носит характер интенсивного языкового практикума

Методические указания для обучающихся

Уважаемые читатели, перед вами методическое пособие, которое состоит из 7 частей:

Часть 1.Британские острова. Лондон.

Часть 2. Британия в мире. Политика, экономика и промышленность.

Часть 3. Учёба, работа, праздники.

Часть 4. Театр, кино, музыка.

Часть 5. Литература, средства массовой информации.

Часть 6. Магазины. Спорт.

Часть 7. Транспорт. Окружающая среда.

Итоговый тест.

Вы познакомитесь с географическим положением Великобритании, достопримечательностями, экономикой страны, праздниками, учебой , отдыхом, рынком труда, с видами спорта в Британии. Каждый раздел состоит из текста и заданиям к нему ( чтение текста, вопросы к тексту, упражнения на дополнение предложения, нахождения и перевод слов в тексте, определения нахождения или отсутствия предложения в тексте по этому теоретическому материалу.

Практические задания позволят выявить ваши пробелы в знаниях страноведения и отработать грамматические навыки.

Вы можете использовать задания для самостоятельной работы, при подготовке к ЕГЭ по английскому языку. Упражнения могут выполняться как устно, так и письменно. Каждая часть состоит из правила и упражнений по теоретическому материалу. Вы познакомитесь с назначением артикля, видами артиклей, употреблением артиклей в английском языке; научитесь распознавать и употреблять артикли существительных. В практической части есть итоговый тест, который вы можете выполнить.

Part 1

Work on the map of the British Isles.(приложение 2)

Read the text and answer the questions.

THE BRITISH ISLES

ONE COUNTRY?

The British Isles is the name for a collection of about 4000 islands, including Great Britain and Ireland. The name, the British Isles, is usually only seen on maps.

Great Britain, known as Britain or GB, is the name for the largest of the islands in the British Isles. It includes England, Scotland and Wales. It doesn’t include Northern Ireland or the Republic of Ireland. You see the abbreviation GB on driving licenses of people who live in England, Scotland and Wales.

The United Kingdom or UK is a political term which includes England, Scotland, Wales and Northern Ireland. All of these countries are represented in Parliament in London and the abbreviation UK is used on most official documents produced by Parliament. The title The United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland is used on British passports.

Everybody from the UK is British, but be careful: only people from England are English. People from Wales think of themselves as Welsh; people from Scotland as Scottish; people from the Republic of Ireland as Irish and people from Northern Ireland as either British or Irish.

What is a county?

Britain is split up into counties. The word county describes an area with its own local government. County councils are elected to run things, such as education, housing, town planning, rubbish disposal. They look after things like roads, libraries and swimming pools.

Many counties, like Yorkshire, Berkshire and Lancashire, contain the word shire, which is an old word for county. In writing, it is usual to abbreviate the names of counties containing the word shire: Lancashire becomes Lances; Wiltshire becomes Wilts; South Yorkshire becomes S.Yorks. But Essex stays Essex and Durham stays Durham.

True or false

Correct the sentences that are false.

a If you hold a British passport, you are fromEngland, Scotland, Wales or Northern Ireland.

b Someone from Scotland can represent GB in theOlympic Games.

с A person from the Republic of Ireland is British.

Look at the map of the British Isles.

True or false? Correct the sentences that are false.

a The capital of Wales is Swansea.

b The capital of Northern Ireland is Belfast.

с It is more mountainous in the south than in the

north of Britain.

d The highest mountain in England is Ben Nevis.

e The river which runs through Oxford andLondon is the Thames.

Copy and complete the sentences.

London is in the.....-east of Britain.

b Birmingham is.....of London, in a part of Britain called the Midlands.

с Bristol is in the.....-west of Britain.

5. What is your country's equivalent of acounty?

a Which British country is not represented|on the Union Jack?

b Draw the flag of your country

Whatdoes it represent?

WALES

A LAND OF CASTLES AND PRINCES

Wales has not always been a part of Great Britain. Between the ninth and the eleventh century, Wales has been divided into small states. In the thirteenth century, Llewellyn ap lorwerth united the country and his son was crowned the first Prince of Wales. Welsh independence didn`t last long. Later the century, the English king Edward I, decided to conquer Wales. The Welsh surrendered and Edward I of England gave the title to his own heir, Edward II. Since then the eldest son of the English king or queen has always been given the title The Prince of Wales and this is why Wales is calledPrincipality.

Wales is famous for its castles. They were built by the Romans and the English to dominate the Welsh. There are so many of these medieval castles that they stretch like an iron chain across Wales. Perhaps the most impressive castle in Wales is Caerphilly. This immense fortress dating from 1268 is one of the greatest surviving castles of the medieval western world.

HOLIDAYS IN WALES

Many people go to Wales on holiday. It is famous for its mountains, which stretch from North to South Wales, its beautiful valleys and its national parks. You can go canal boating on the beautiful Liangollen Canal in the North; pony-trekking in the Snowdonia National Park; canoeing in the fast-flowing rivers and hiking in the hills. Most of its coastline is protected and has not been spoilt by tourism or industry.

NORTHERN IRELAND

GOING BACK IN HISTORY

For centuries the English had tried to gain control of Ireland. Until the sixteenth century, England controlled only a small area of Ireland around Dublin. Elizabeth I (1533-1603) and Oliver Cromwell (1599-1658) gradually conquered the whole of Ireland. Ireland became a British colony in 1607.

The last area to resist the English was the north of Ireland, Ulster, but in the end the Irish were defeated.

In 1921, an independent Irish state was set up , now the republic of Ireland. Six counties in the north of Ireland were dominated and controlled by Protestants. They refused to join the new Irish state. These six counties stayed part of the UK and now called Northern Ireland.

A LAND OF BEAUTY

Northern Ireland is a very beautiful place. It is a land of mountains, rivers and lakes. It has a rugged coastline and you are never more than half an hour away from the coast by car. A Decide if the following refer to Scotland, Wales or Northern Ireland.

1) Robert Burns

2) Loch Ness

3) Many Catholics

4) Prince Charles

5) Cardiff

6) Aberdeen

7) North Sea Oil

8) Belfast

Part 2

POLITICS

Answer the following questions.

How many chambers are there in your Parliament and what are they called?

How old do you have to be able to vote in Britain?

How many political parties are there in your country and what are they called?

What is the title of the most powerful person in Parliament in your country?

PARLIAMENT

The British Parliament has two houses, or chambers: the House of Commons and the House of Lords. The House of Commons is the most powerful and decides national policy, but the House of Lords can ask the House of Commons to rewrite certain parts of a bill before it becomes a new law.

The House of Commons consists of Members of Parliament, MPs. Each MP is elected by voters in one region. There are 651 MPs (524 for England, 72 for Scotland, 38 for Wales and 17 for Northern Ireland). The 1203 members of the House of Lords are not elected. Some are life peers: they are members of the House of Lords, but their sons or daughters cannot be members. There are also a number of judges or bishops. The majority (774) are hereditary peers. The head of both Houses of Parliaments is the Queen, but she has very little power.

The party with most MPs forms the government. The leader of this party becomes Prime Minister and appoints the Cabinet. The Prime Minister is the most powerful in the Parliament. British Prime Ministers have lived at 10 Downing Street since 1731.

Every 5 years British people over 18 can vote in a general election. There are three main political parties: left-wing Labor Party, right-wing Conservative Party and centre party-the Liberal Democrats.

Fill in the gaps.

The British Parliament has two houses: the House of ….and the House of … .

Each … is elected by voters in one region.

The 1203 members of the House of … are not elected.

The majority (774) are … peers.

… is the most powerful in the Parliament.

Compare political systems of Britain and your country. Make up a dialogue.

THE MONARCHY

Britain is a constitutional monarchy. This means that the monarch, at the moment Queen Elizabeth II, is the Head of the State. The Queen is also head of all the judges and of the Church of England, as well as the Commander-in-Chief of the armed forces. Her face is also on all British bank notes, coins and postage stamps. The Queen’s constitutional role is mainly symbolic. True power has Prime Minister and his Cabinet. The most important function of the Queen is ceremonial. She gives a state banquet, usually in her home Buckingham Palace, when foreign monarch or Heads of State visit Britain. Since Elizabeth II came to the throne in 1952, she has represented Britain to visit to most parts of the world. Prime Ministers come and go, but she carries on above politics, a symbol of British traditions.

The surname of the royal family is Windsor.

BRITAIN AND THE WORLD

Which of the following countries are members of the European Union?

Which of the following countries are members of the Commonwealth?

Which of the following country is member of neither?

Australia, Austria, Denmark, Finland, Germany, Hong Kong, India, Italy, Nigeria, Sweden, South Africa, USA.

Britain and America

Britain and the USA were allies in both World Wars and in the Korean War. In recent years, however, they have not always supported each other. The USA did not help Britain and France during the Suez crisis in 1956. Britain did not support the USA in the 1964-1973 Vietnam War. Both President Bush and Clinton have announced that Germany is now the most important of the USA.

Britain and Europe

Britain’s most important relationship today is with the EU. In 1973 Britain was allowed to become a member of the EU. Now over half of Britain’s trade is with the EU. Even so, not all British people are sure that Europe is a good thing for Britain. About half of British people believe that Britain needs Europe because it offers British companies a market of over 350 million people to buy its products. Britain also needs Europe so that it can buy food, clothes and fuel which it does not produce.

True or false? Correct the sentences that are false.

Britain has links with countries in all of the five continents.

The majority of people in Britain are in favor of Europe.

Britain could not rely on America after 1956.

Britain does not need Europe.

5. American presidents have announced that Britain is the most important ally of the USA.

ECONOMY AND INDUSTRY

BRITISH INDUSTRY

Britain used to have many manufacturing industries, but since the 2^nd WW its service industries, especially banking and retailing, have expanded. Between 1951 and 1991, the percentage of people working in service industries rose from 36 to 71 per cent. The number of people working in manufacturing industries has gone down.

Heavy industries, including steel manufacture and shipbuilding, have been replaced by high-technology manufacturing industries, such as airplane engine manufacture and pharmaceuticals.

THE CITY

The City is a part of London with all the banks. The City is one of the most important financial centers in the world. Although the City is only one square mile, 300,000 people work there. It contains 8500 companies and 524 banks from 76 countries.

MADE IN BRITAIN

In Britain, there are only a few successful large companies. The large companies often invest a lot of money in research and development, to find new and better, usually high-technology, products. Richard Branson founded the Virgin group in 1970. He owns the Virgin record shops, Virgin Atlantic Airways and has recently started Virgin Radio. He is Britain’s most famous entrepreneur.

Successful small manufacturing companies in Britain often make expensive products. They use first-class materials, have excellent quality control and the workers are proud of they make. They include J. Barbour& Sons, which make waterproof jackets; the Morgan Motor Company, which makes elite cars; Wilkin & Sons, which makes jams. BP is now the second-largest company in Europe. It is involved in oil and gas exploration, oil refining and the manufacturing of petrochemical products. It is investing money in making cleaner petrol.

TRUE OR FALSE

There are more people working in manufacturing industries than in service industries in Britain.

The City is one of the most important financial centers in the world.

Richard Branson is a successful business man.

ANSWER THE QUESTIONS

Why do small manufacturing companies in Britain often make expensive products?

What is BP involved in?

How many people work in the City?

Name two successful companies in your country.

Part 3

EDUCATION IN GREAT BRITAIN

SECONDARY SCHOOL

Most secondary schools in Britain are comprehensive schools, which take children of all abilities. About six per cent of students go to grammar schools, state schools which take only students who pass the examinations at the age of eleven.

About seven per cents of students go to private schools. These schools do not receive money from the state: parents pay for their children to go to school instead. The most expensive private schools are called public schools. Most of these are single-sex boarding schools and students can live there during term-time. Most pupils in British schools wear school uniform. The favorite colors for school uniform are blue, grey, black and maroon.

Children go to nursery school when they are 3 years old. At the age of 5 they go to primary school where they pass the first assessment test at the age of 7. Being 11 years they pass the second assessment test and go to secondary school. At the age of 14 they pass the third assessment test. After that they start studying subjects for GCSEs (General Certificate of Secondary Education). When children are 16 they take GCSEs. Pupils must take English language, Maths, and Science for GCSE as well as in foreign language and Technology. In addition they must be taught Physical Education, Religious Education and Sex Education, although they do not take exams in these subjects. There are three ways for children: they can leave school and go to work; go to secondary school; to the sixth form colleges or college of further education. They study at the secondary schools for two years and then go to a college of higher education or university or go to work.

HIGHER EDUCATION

UNIVERSITIES AND COLLEGES

Most big towns in Britain have both a university and a college of higher education. There are 91 universities in Britain and 47 colleges of higher education. Universities offer three-and four degree courses; colleges of higher education offer both two-year HND (Higher National Diploma) courses, as well as degree courses.

A degree is the qualification you get from university when you pass your final exams. You are then awarded a BA (Bachelor of Arts), BSc (Bachelor of Science) or Bed (Bachelor of Education). Undergraduates, students who are studying for degrees, go to large formal lectures, but most of the work takes place in tutorials; lessons in groups of ten or more when the students discuss their work with the lecturer.

GETTING INTO UNIVERSITY

Only 25 per cent of the student population goes on to higher education. Competition to get into one of Britain’s universities is fierce and not everyone who gets A levels can go. The students are given a personal interview and the universities then decide which students they want. The more popular the university is, the higher is the grade they ask for.

LIVING AT THE UNIVERSITY

Most British students choose to go to university a long way from their home town: university is seen as a time to be independent, to live away from home and develop new interests.

British students do not have to pay to go to university, but do need money to live away from home while they are studying. Some students whose parents do not earn a lot of money are given a grant from the local education authority. If students do not get a grant they are expected to pay for their children. Some students borrow money from the bank which must be paid back after they leave university. In theory, the grant pays for rent, books, transport and socializing.

In fact, the grant is not a lot of money. Students used to work during the holidays to earn more money, but it is difficult to find such jobs. The result is that more students are dropping out, failing to finish their courses.

THE BRITISH YEAR

Part 4

FILM AND THEATRE

How often do you go to the cinema or the theatre?

2.What is the best film or play you've seen this year?

Going to the cinema

Going to the cinema is very popular in Britain, especially with young people. In 1992, over 90 per cent of 15 to 24-year-olds in Britain went to the cinema. In 1984, this figure was only 59 per cent. Since 1984, many multiplexes, cinema complexes with up to 14 screens showing a wide range of modern films, have been built. These multiplexes have encouraged more people to go to the cinema.

British men and women have different tastes in films. In a survey, most men liked action films which they watched on television or on video. Women preferred films which dealt with human relations between friends or between men and women.

Carry out a similar survey in your school. Decide what questions to ask and write the questionnaire. Ask a friend to fill in the questionnaire. Make a bar chart of the results in your class and compare your results with the British survey.

The British film industry

a What percentage of films shown at your 1 cinema are made in your country?

b Which do you prefer? American films, British, films made in your country?

Hollywood dominates the cinema in Britain. British film industry does exist, but is very small' 1993, only 2.5 per cent of all the money taken at cinema box offices was for British films. British films do not have big budgets and с compete with American films. The few films the made by British film companies usually receive money from American companies. This means British films often have to use American actors appeal to the American cinema-going audience. British people who want to make films often America. Hollywood is full of British actors, writers, editors and camera people.

Britain has a long tradition of drama. British theatre began in the thirteenth century, before the time of Shakespeare, with a series of short stories from the Bible called The Mystery Plays. Even today, every four years in York and Chester, ordinary people still perform these plays. Acting, both by amateurs and professionals, is still very much alive in Britain. British professional actors are usually highly respected and well-trained. The most famous British theatres are the National Theatre and the Barbican. The Royal Shakespeare Company performs at the Barbican in London and in Stratford-on-Avon, where Shakespeare was born. These theatres receive money from the government so that they can perform several different plays a year. In spite of this money from the government, many theatres, including the National Theatre and the Barbican, find it difficult to survive.

There are many smaller theatre groups in Britain. Some of them receive money from the government to perform plays which are contemporary and experimental.

Theatre in London

Most British cities have a theatre, but London has the greatest number. There are over 50 theatres in London's West End, the area in London with most theatres, and about 35 smaller fringe theatres.

In recent years, musicals have been very successful. About 5%million people, many of them tourists, go to see a musical every year in London.

Going to the theatre in Britain is not only popular, but also expensive. Not many young people can afford to go. It is possible to get cheaper tickets by going to afternoon performances called matinees or by buying stand-bys, half-price tickets which are sold half an hour before a performance starts.

Part 5

LITERATURE: THE CLASSICS

Match the books with their authors.

a Jane Austen1.Far from the Madding Crowd

b Emily Bronte2.Oliver Twist

с Charles Dickens3.Pride and Prejudice

d Thomas Hardy4.Wuthering Heights

Read the text to find out if you are right.

William Shakespeare

William Shakespeare, Britain's greatest playwright, was born at Stratford-on-Avon in England. Stratford is now the second most-visited town in Britain. People come to see his plays, performed by the Royal Shakespeare Company at the theatre which is named after him, and to see his tomb.

In the early 1590s, Shakespeare went to London. He set up his own theatre, the Globe, where his company performed his plays. An exact reconstruction of the Globe is being built and visitors can now experience what it was like to go to the theatre 400 years ago.

During Shakespeare's lifetime, most of his plays were performed at the Globe Theatre, a wooden theatre in London.

Charles Dickens

Oliver Twist is the story of an orphan thrown out of the poor house because he asks for more food.

Dickens was probably the most popular novelist the English language in the nineteenth century. 1 he was only 12, Charles had to leave school and in a factory. His novels often tell the stories of a children who work hard to escape a life of poor many of the stories were set in London and his л show how the city changed during his lifetime, j

his story He had to writ fast and sometimes changed the stories if the did not like his last chapter or particularly liked certain characters.

a With what parts of Britain is each novelist linked? Why?

b Make a list of four of your country's most famous novelists.

Do they write about the country or the city? imaginary towns or real towns? rich people or poor people?

Charlotte, Emily and Anne Bronte

The Bronte sisters were exceptional writers of poetry as well as fiction. Between 1847 and 1848, all three sisters published novels. They all wrote under different names because "good" women were not allowed to write: Emily Bronte became Ellis Bell; Charlotte Bronte, Currer Bell; Anne Bronte, Acton Bell.

Wuthering Heights by Emily Bronte is one of the most famous of their novels. The story tells of the destructive and passionate love between two children, Catherine and Heathcliff, who grow up on a farm called Wuthering Heights. Heathcliff leaves the farm when Catherine, for reasons of class, refuses to marry him.

All three sisters died very young. The house where they lived is now a museum and you can walk from it over the Yorkshire moors to the farm where Wuthering Heights is set.

Catherine and Heathcliff both loved and hated each other.

Thomas Hardy

Thomas Hardy was both a poet and a novelist. Hardy wrote about the English countryside, in particular Dorset in south-west England, where he came from. Hardy wrote romantic love stories and showed how farming life was rapidly changing with the introduction of machines. His stories take place in Wessel, an ancient name for a region of south-west England.

His last two novels, Tess of the D'Urbervilles and used the Obscure, were both very controversial, particularly in their treatment of sexual passion. Annoyed at public response, Hardy spent the rest of his life writing poetry.

Hardy based his novels on real towns and villages in south-west England. The town of Casterbridge in Far from theMadding Crowdis actually the real town of Dorchester. This photo shows the market in Caster-bridge.

Jane Austen

Jane Austen spent her short life in Hampshire, near the south coast of England. Her novels describe the everyday life of people in the upper-middle class circles she knew best. Money and social position were very important and the only role of a woman of that class was to find a rich husband.

Her characters spend most of the time in the countryside, doing little or no work. Occasionally they go to London; sometimes they go to Bath, a fashionable town. Her novels may sound boring, but they are a record of what life was like for the upper-middle class in the early nineteenth century and are among the finest and most entertaining novels written at the time.

These stamps show scenes from Jane Austen's novels: they show what life was like for the upper class in early nineteenth-century England.

MODERN LITERATURE

a How often do you read modern novels?

bHow often do you read poetry?

с What modern literature do you read at school?

Women writers

There have always been good women writers, but until the 1950s it was not easy for a woman writer to sell many of her books under her own name. Many nineteenth-century women writers used male pen names or pseudonyms: George Eliot, an important nineteenth-century writer (1819-1880), never used her real name which was Mary Ann Evans.

Things are changing. Since the 1950s, the number of well-known women writers has increased. Women writers are now winning prizes for literature. Nadine Gordimer, a South African writer, won the Nobel Prize for Literature in 1991with. July's People.

Jeanette Winter son'sOranges Are Not The С (1985) was a very popular novel. It tells the story i young girl who rebels against her strict family life. The book was made into a television series.

Multicultural English literature

A number of writers have used life in the former British colonies as the background for their novels. For example, Paul Scott's novels show the last years of the British presence in India.

English literature has benefited from the work of Indian, African and Asian authors who write in English and who write novels from the point of view of the colonized, rather than the colonizers. Chinua Achebe, a Nigerian author, wrote Things Fall Apart (1958). The story tells how an important man in the Obi tribe is forced, by his own people, to leave his village when he fights the arrival of white English missionaries.

Some novelists write about being English and

being of adifferent ethnic origin.

The Buddha ofSuburbia by Hanif Kureishi (1990) is the funnystory of a young British boy, of an Indian father andBritish mother, growing up in aLondon suburb.

OTHER MODERN WRITERS TO TRY

A.S. Byatt Anita Brookner

Doris Lessing Penelope Lively

Timothy Mo R.K.Naravan

Part 6

SPORT

a What is a spectator sport?

b Give an example of a team sport.

с Which sports do you associate with Britain?

d Can you name any important sports competitions which take place in Britain?

The British and sport

Britain does not often produce sportsmen or sportswomen who are successful in world sporting championships, but it has been good at inventing sports and writing the rules of games.

Golf was first played in Scotland in the fifteenth century and the most famous golf club, Saint Andrews in Scotland, is still the most respected authority on golf in the world. Cricket was first played in England in the sixteenth century and its rules were written in the eighteenth century.

Nineteenth-century team sports, such as football, rugby and hockey, were first played in British public schools. The rules for all of these games were written between 1870 and 1890.

The rules for lawn tennis were first written.

Football crazy

About 20 million people go to football matches every year, making it the most popular spectator sport.

Britain's national sport is football. During] football season (August to May) most professional footballers play two matches J every week. Many people say this is too г because the players cannot devote time and energy to international games.

The 22 best English teams play in the Premier League, run by the Football Association (the FA). The other profession teams play in three divisions run by the Football League. Liverpool is the most successful team and have won the most tournaments.

The most exciting games are often bated teams from the same city: Manchester Unit and Manchester City; Arsenal and Chelsea from London; Celtic and Rangers from Glasgow. The highlight of the football seas is the FA Cup Final at Wembley Stadium ii London. Eighty thousand fans fill the stand and there is usually a very good atmosphere. The most successful is Cup team is Tottenham Hotspur. They have won the eight times

Cricket

Most people think of cricket as a slow sport, but the ball can be bowled at speeds of 85 miles per hour.

Cricket is a popular summer sport in England. It is not played much in Wales, Scotland and Northern Ireland, but it is played in the Commonwealth countries of Australia, India, New Zealand, Pakistan and the West Indies.

Every year there are Test Matches between all these countries. A Test Match can last for up to five days. Usually the Commonwealth countries play much better and faster cricket than England.

Rugby

Rugby takes its name from Rugby School in the Midlands. In 1823, a boy playing football at the school picked up the ball and ran with it.

Rugby is a type of football. It is played with an oval ball and players can both kick or run with it. There are two types of rugby: in Rugby Union there are teams of 15 players, who are amateurs, and it is played by England, Wales, Scotland, Ireland (a joint team from both Northern Ireland and the Republic of Ireland), France, South Africa, Australia and New Zealand. There are regular matches between these countries. In Rugby League there are 13 players in a team, the players are all professionals and it is mostly played in the north of England and Australia.

MOST POPULAR SPORTS PLAYED BY WOMEN MOST POPULAR SPORTS PLAYED BY MEN

swimming 20%

cycling 9%

walking 50% swimming 15%

cycling 13%

walking 47%

aerobics 21%

snooker 25%

a What are the most popular sports in your country?

b Compare them with the most popular sports in Britain.

с Which of the sports mentioned in the text are played in your country?

Part 7

GETTING AROUND TOWN

a How many different forms of transport can you use to get around town?

b Which forms of transport are best and worst for the environment?

с Give examples of any problems you have getting around your home town.

The London Underground

The first underground railway system in the world was in London. It opened in 1863 and ran 4 miles (6.5 kilometers) from the west of London to the City in the east. The first lines were built close to the surface and used steam trains. They then built deeper tunnels and the electric underground railway opened in 1890. This system was called the Tube,still the most popular name for the London Underground. Some of the tube stations are so deep that they were used as air-raid shelters during the Second World War when hundreds of families would spend the night in the stations.

One million people commute into central London every day. Sixty per cent of these people use the Tube, mainly because the London Underground system extends far into the suburbs: the Northern Line, running from north to south, covers 18 miles (28 kilometers); the Piccadilly Line, running from east to west is 47 miles (76 kilometers) long.

Taxis

This sign shows the empty to a station on the London Underground.

London taxis are also called black cabs.

This poster advertises the first London Underground which was introduced in 1908. A second design in 19 more popular and it is still used today. It is a modelщ transport systems in other countries.

London taxis drive round the centre of the| looking for custom. Taxis are often called с from the French word cabriolet,which is a nineteenth-century word for a coach draw horse.

Traditional taxi-drivers, or cabbies, are pi their knowledge of London. They have to/ every street in the 113 square miles of can M London and spend up to four years learn best routes. To get their license, they have a series of tests, known as The Knowledge they are absolutely accurate in their answer. Because of this long training period, cabbie often angry that people can drive minicab) without a license. Minicabs look like поп do not have meters and cannot pick up the street: people have to phone for one

THE DOUBLE-DECKER BUS

Most London buses are red. In oneyear, London's buses travel 163million miles. That is all the way to the Sun and 'A of the way back!Buses in London are not aspopular as the Tube because theyget stuck in traffic. London trafficnow moves at an average of 6 milesper hour, the same speed as whenthere were horse-drawn coaches.

Alternative forms of transport

Can you think of any other forms of public transport in towns, apart from buses and underground trains?

One of the most popular forms of urban transport in Britain used to be the tram. They were first used in London in 1861, but they were all replaced by buses after 1945. Trams, however, are making a comeback. South Yorkshire has a 19-mile (30-kilometre) Super tram network which opened in 1994. Manchester, too, uses trams as part of its Metro link system, while many other cities are considering alternatives to buses. The first section of the Manchester Metro link opened in 1992. It has reduced car trips by an estimated 1 million a year.

Cycling can be unhealthy: pollutants from cars, buses and lorries can affect your breathing. Many cyclists in cities wear masks to protect themselves from the exhaust fumes.

Manchester's trams carry up to 250 people each. They are clean and quiet. They do not get stuck in traffic. There are no steps so they are easy to use if you are disabled, have a pram or are carrying lots of shopping.

The most environmentally friendly vehicle is a bicycle, but cycling in Britain can be dangerous as there are not many bicycle lanes in British cities. Many drivers do not realized that there are cyclists on the roads: cyclists, like pedestrians, are almost as likely to be killed or injured as motorists. This is why an increasing number of cyclists wear helmets and fluorescent clothing.

Is cycling encouraged in your home town? In what ways? List all the forms of transport in your home town. Give each transport system a number between 1 (very bad) and 10 (excellent) in each of the following areas: noise, cost, convenience, frequency, safety, exhaust fumes. Discussyourresultsingroups.

Итоговый тест

Инструкция для обучающихся по выполнению итогового теста

Уважаемые обучающиеся!

Вам предлагается выполнить работу в виде теста по разделу «Страноведение».

Внимательно прочитайте каждое задание и предлагаемые варианты ответа. Отвечайте только после того, как вы поняли вопрос и проанализировали все варианты ответа.

Выполняйте задания в том порядке, в котором они даны. Для экономии времени пропускайте задание, которое не удается выполнить сразу, и переходите к следующему. К пропущенному заданию вы сможете вернуться после выполнения всей работы.

Свои ответы записывайте в бланк ответов, чтобы проверить.

Итоговый тест

Выберите правильный вариант.

The British Isles include…

a) 2 islands b) 4000 islands c) 40 islands

2. The name for the largest of the islands is …

a) Ireland b) Great Britain c) Scotland

3. Snowdonia National Park is situated in…

a) England b) Wales c) Scotland

4. British Parliament has … chambers.

a) 3 b) 4 c) 2

5. British people vote every … years.

a) 4 b) 5 c) 6

6. Britain was allowed to become a member of the European Union in …

a) 1945 b) 1956 c) 1973

7. Trooping the Color celebrates…

a) the Queen’s official birthday b) Christmas c) Guy Fawkes` Night

8. The Proms is a popular series of … music concerts.

a) rock b) jazz c) classical

9. How many per cent of the student population goes on to higher education?

a) 50 per cent b) 25 per cent c) 75 per cent

10. The City is a …. centre.

a) cultural b) financial c) political

11. William Shakespeare was born in …

a) London b) Stratford-on-Avon c) Edinburgh

12. Britain’s national sport is…

a) hockey b) football c) basketball

13. The London Underground was opened in …

a) 1803 b) 1963 c) 1863

14. On British passports you can see…

a) United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland

b) Great Britain

c) England

Приложение 1

Keys:

1.b

b

b

c

b

b

a

b

b

b

b

b

c

a

П
риложение 2

Карта Великобритании

Используемая литература

1. Поляков О.Г. Профильно-ориентированное обучение английскому языку// Иностранные языки в школе, 2004.№2.с.6-10

2. Миньяр-Белоручева А.П. Английский язык для школьников и абитуриентов. Москва, 2005

3. I.A.Salina All aboutLondon Москва, Просвещение, 1996

4. С.В. Литвинов Лондон Темы и тексты Москва, 2002

Адрес публикации: https://www.prodlenka.org/metodicheskie-razrabotki/140059-great-britain-metodicheskoe-posobie-dlja-vnea