Элективный курс «Петербургский экскурсовод»

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BAROQUE PALACES

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Sheremetev Palace(questions) Teacher’s list

Where is Sheremetev Palace situated? – 34, Fontanka Embankment.

What is its second name? – Fountain House.

3. Who was the first owner of the piece of land where the future palace

was created?

- The count Piotr Sheremetev, marshal Sheremetev’s son.

4. When was a one-storey stone palace built and who added the second floor?

In 1740. In 1750-1755 Sawa Chevakinsky (and Fyodor Argunov) made the 2^nd floor.

5. What does this palace consist of?

It has three parts – the main building and two wings.

6. What emphasizes the central part of the façade?

A small mezzanine, that is adorned by a fronton shaped like a bow.

7. What is the building decorated with?

It is decorated with moulded heads over the windows and beautiful

ornamentation.

8. What was on the place of today’s Liteyny Prospekt?

There was a big regular garden with classical sculptures and fountains. It had a grotto, a Chinese bower and the Hermitage Pavillion.

9. When did a striking cast iron fence appear and what was on the arch of the

gates?

- In the 19^th century. The Sheremetev coat of arms.

10. What did the architect Nicholai Benois build in 1867?

- He built in the left part of the main yard a one-storey service house with gates also adorned it with the Sheremetev coat of arms.

11. What were situated on the first and second floors?

- On the first floor: service rooms, kunstkammer and rigskammer.

On the second floor: main apartments that formed two suites, one along

the main façade and the other along the garden one.

12. Where were living rooms and chapel to St Barbara the martyr? Where did

children live?

- In the wings. In the mezzanine.

13. What can you say about palace’s interior?

- Gold-plated carvings, painted ceilings and panels, decorated fabrics,

coloured ornamented parquetry.

14. How lond did the Sheremetevs own the palace and the plot? - Till 1917.

15. What was opened in the annex and why?

- the memorial museum of the poetess Anna Akhmatova.

She lived there from 1924 till 1952.

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S heremetev Palace

Cast iron fence, I.Korsini The Sheremetev coat of arms

One-story service house, 1867,N.Benois Sheremetev Palace, 1750-1755,

S.Chevakinsky

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Sheremetev palace – ex

Ex. I Find the historical event in the text that corresponds to the date

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Vorontsov Palace (ex)

E x.1 Match the words from the right and left tables

1 filigree a Vorontsov

2 iron b cross

3 splendid c casting

4 count d chapel

5 Maltese e Meister

6 orthodox f Corps

7 catholic g interior

8 Page h school

9 Maltese i church

10 Suvorov j fence

Ex.2 Find a suitable event to the

given date

- lived M.I.Vorontsov

- creation of the orthodox church

and the catholic chapel

29^th of November,1798 - the palace was sold to the crown

- the whole building was given to the Suvorov school

- Paul I accepted the rank of the

Cross Meister of Maltese knights

- the palace was rebuilt for the

Page Corps

- the years of the Vorontsov palace

creating (B.Rastrelli)

Ex.3 Give the definition of the following terms

ARCHITECT PASSAGE REGULAR GARDEN

KNIGHT CHURCH MIRROR MARBLE

Ex.4 Make sentences with the given words

Bartolomeo Rastrelli fountains Prussian king

Paul I Russian classicism Great Patriotic War

Both Pushkin’s sons G.Quarenghi

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Vorontsov Palace (questions) Teacher’s list

Who is the architect of the Vorontsov Palace? When was it built?

1749-1757. Bartolomeo Rastrelli.

How was it designed? Explain its location.

The main three-storey building is at the back of the yard. It has a four-cornered yard. Two symmetrical two-storey annexes are moved forward straight onto the “red-line” of the street. They were connected to the main building by passages that later were dismantled.

What is the main yard separated by from the street?

By a beautiful filigree fence made according to Rastrelli’s drawing.

What was behind the palace?

A regular garden with pools, fountains and other “tricks”.

Who was the first owner of the palace?

The chancellor and diplomat count Mikhail Illarionovich Vorontsov (1712-1767).

Why did he sell it to the crown?

It was expensive to keep the palace. Also balls and masquerades almost ruined the count.

Why did Paul I give the palace to the Russian branch of the Maltese order?

On November 29, 1798 Paul I accepted the rank of the Cross Meister of Maltese knights.

What appeared on the palace land in 1798-1800?

An orthodox church and a catholic chapel of the order of Maltese knights (the chapel is one of the best Giacomo Quarenghi’s works.)

What happened to the palace during Alexander I reign?

It was given to the Page Corps.

Why the Vorontsov Palace was rebuilt (architect Alexander Shtaubert)?

The palace wasn’t suited to educational purposes.

What is there nowadays?

- Since 1958 it has belonged to Suvorov school.

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Stroganov Place(ex)

Finish the following sentences

1. In the plan the palace looks like

a) a square b) trapeze c) an irregular quadrangle

2. In the 18^th century the posts separated the pavement from

a) the motorway b) the carriageway c) subway

3. The first owner of the palace was

a) Sergey Stroganov b) Alexander Stroganov c) Andrei Voronikhin

4. In the picture gallery of the palace a magnificent collection of

a) gold and silver b) works of art c) furniture

5. After the October revolution the palace was the

a) Museum of everyday life b) Academy of Arts

c ) branch of the Hermitage

Describe the events which you could connect with these years:

1707-1756

1988

1917

1752-1754

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III. Translate from Russian into English

Строгановский дворец – одно из великих творений Растрелли.

Александр Строганов пользовался расположением четырех монархов Елизаветы, ЕкатериныII, Павла I и Александра I.

У Строгановых были коллекции скульптур, эстампов, ценных минералов.

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Stroganov Palace (questions) Teacher’s list

Where is Stroganov Palace situated?

On the corner of Nevsky Prospekt and River Moika Embankment (house 46).

Who designed this palace and when?

Bartolomeo Rastrelli, 1752-1754.

What is the colour of the building? – light-green (pink)three-storey building.

What are carved gates decorated with?

With lion masks and decorative cast iron posts.

Could you describe the Stroganov coat of arms?

There are two stoats standing on their hind legs. They hold the shield divided in two by a wavy sling-belt with three lance points. On a shield are depicted the symbols of Siberia: the Stroganov forebears settled Siberia.

Who was the first owner of the palace? And then?

The Elizabethan nobleman count Sergey Grigorievich Stroganov. After his death the palace belonged to his son Alexander, a well-educated patron of the arts.

Who was brought up in the palace when A. Stroganov was the president of the Academy of Arts?

The future famous architect Andrei Voronichin, later he partly rebuilt the palace and decorated the interiors.

How long did the palace belong to the Stroganovs?

Till 1917.

9. What is this building now? – A branch of the Russian Museum.

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CLASSICAL PALACES

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Taurida Palace (questions) Teacher’s list

Where did Prince Grigory Potiomkin-Tavrichesky receive a big plot of land?

Not far from the Smolny monastery.

When was the new palace built? Who designed it? - In 1783-1789, by Ivan Starov.

What do you know about Grigory Potiomkin-Tavrichesky?

He was Catherine II’s favourite, an important state official, brave general, well-known collector and patron of the arts.

Why did he have a double second name?

Under his direction the Crimea or Tauvrida, as it was called then, was joined to Russia. Since then he got his nickname ‘Tavrichesky”.

Does the palace change a lot? - Its exterior has survived to our days.

5. What can you say about palace dimensions and its form?

It looks in plan like an extended Russian letter “П”, open to the Neva. The length of the main façade is 260 metres, so though it is 12m high, the palace seams low.

6. What is its main two-storey building crowned by?

By a flat cupola on a low drum?

7. What can you say about the wings?

- The two-storey wings are joined to the main building by one-storey galleries.

8. What are the walls, the main entrance and the wings decorated with? - The main entrance - by a portico with six columns and the wings – by porticos with four columns.

The smooth yellow walls are cut through by tall windows and have no decorations.

9. What is there in front of the main building?

- Formal yard or cour d’honneur (курдонёр), surrounded on three sides by the palace buildings.

- There was also a small harbour connected to the Neva by a canal.

10. What can you say about the magnificent park surrounding the palace? What’s the difference between regular and landscaped gardens?

- A huge park is about 300 hectares, gardener V.Gould (Гульд)ю

- By the end of the 18^th century regular gardens were replaced by landscaped gardens. The trees there were not planed in avenues but formed picturesque groups. Paths twisted between them in strange patterns, and the fantastic shapes of the ponds reflected them.

11. What did the ensemble of Taurida Garden consist of?

- Hothouses, Admiralty Pavilion (hasn’t survived), the head gardener’s house and bridges across the channels between the ponds.

12. Describe the interior of the palace.

- The central entrance adorned by jasper and granite led into the entrance hall. Behind it is the big octagonal dome hall. It was connected with the magnificent Catherine’s or Column Hall, decorated by slim columns and wonderful paintings. A double colonnade separated it from the winter garden.

13. Why did this palace fall into neglect during the reign of Paul I?

- Paul I hated Potiomkin as his mother’s favourite. The palace fell into neglect and then was given to a Life Guard cavalry regiment.

- The Column Hall became a stable. Marble fireplaces, mirrors, furniture and parquetry were taken away to Paul I’s residence, Mikhailovsky Castle which was still under construction.

14. Who ordered to return the Palace its looks?

- Alexander I. Luidgi Rusca worked there.

15. Who got the palace in 1906? - The State Duma.

16. What happened to the Palace in Soviet times?

- It was the place of many political events. Till 1990 the Party High School was situated there.

17. What is there these days? - Since 1992 the conferences of the Interparliamentary assembly of the Commonwealth of the Independent States take place here.

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Taurida Palace (ex)

Ex.1 Examine new words and match them with their definitions

1 desolated (adj) 2 a manor (noun) 3 subduing (participle I)

4 smooth (adj) 5 austere (adj) 6 serf (noun)

7 neglect (noun) 8 painstakingly (adverb)

9 to restore (verb) 10 a plot (noun) 11 to twist (verb)

simple or usual without any decorations

a large country house surrounded by land that belongs to it

the state of not receiving enough attention or care

carefully and attentively to detail

a piece of land that is used for a special purpose

empty, without people making you feel sad or lonely

to bring back a situation or feeling that existed before

a person who was forced to live and work on land that belonged to a land owner

(of roads/rivers) to bend and change direction often

completely flat and even without holes or rough areas

bringing smb/smth under control, especially by using force

Ex.2 Choose the correct item

Not far from the ….. Grigory Potiomkin got a big plot of land.

a) Alexander Nevsky Monastery b) Smolny Monastery

c) Winter Palace

It was the best work of the architect …..

a) Ivan Starov b) Luidgi Rusca c) Vasily Stasov

Under Potiomkin’s direction the ….. was joined to Russia.

a) Ukraine b) Caucuses c) Crimea

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The length of the main façade is ….. metres long.

a) 160 b) 260 c) 60

By the end of 18^th century regular gardens were replaced by ….. gardens.

a) landscaped b) picturesque c) fruit and vegetable

Outside, the palace looked ….. and majestic but inside it was magnificent and splendidly decorated.

a) huge b) tiny c) austere

The central entrance adorned by ….. and …..

a) stone and marble b) statues and bas-relieves

c) jasper and granite

8) Paul I ….. Grigory Potiomkin – his mother’s favourite.

a) liked b) hated c) respected

9) Alexander I ordered ….. Taurida Palace.

a) to ruin b) to restore c) to paint

10. In Soviet times the Palace belonged to ……

a) Potiomkin’s descendants b) the Party High School

c) the Hermitage

Ex.3 Choose the odd word out

noble, rich, educated, serf

adorned, crowned, planted, decorated

portico, column, reward, arcade

subway, path, road, way

picturesque, dedicated, magnificent, delighted

massive, huge, twisted, enormous

granite, neglect, jasper, marble

fireplaces, mirrors, stable, parquetry

conference, date, meeting, assembly

Ukraine, Crimea, Russia, Taurida

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Anichkov Palace (ex)

Ex.1 Complete the sentences with the proper prepositions

near in the middle of on in

…..the main yard a pool was dug out.

…..the banks of the canal were two colonnaded galleries.

Elizabeth Petrovna gave the palace to count Alexei Razumovsky whom she married …..secret.

in 1803-1805 …..the palace two rows of shops were built.

Now it is called the Place of Creative Activity …..Young People.

Ex.2 Find the general explanation of the following group of words

Zemtsov, Dmitriev, Rastrelli, Starov, Quarenghi, Rusca, Rossi

Royal family, Razumovsky, Potiomkin, the City Museum, Pioneers, Young talented people

Baroque, Classicism

Garden, pavilions, canal, bowers, pool, sculptures

Fontanka, Ostrovsky Square, Nevsky Prospekt

Ex.3 Would you like to live in the Anichkov Palace?

I f “not” explain why? If “yes” would you change anything in its interior and what social occasions would it possible to take place there?

Rossi Pavilions, 1816-1818, C.Rossi,

Sculptures by S.Pimenov

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Anichkov Palace (questions) Teacher’s list

When was the Anichkov palace built? Who is its architect?

1741-1754, Mikhail Zemtsov.

What type of place was it?

It was a grand country estate with a regular garden decorated by pavilions, bowers and sculptures.

What was in the middle of the main yard?

A pool connected with the Fontanka by a canal. On the banks of the canal were two colonnaded galleries.

What was the main entrance decorated by? - by a portico with balcony

Who was this palace presented to?

Elizabeth Petrovna presented this palace to count Alexei Petrovich Razumovsky whom she married in secret.

Who owned the Anichkov Palace in 1770s?

In Catherine times it came to be owned by prince Potiomkin.

Who was this palace rebuilt by in 1778-1779? What did he change?

Architect Ivan Starov. He added the third storey over the palace wings, put flat domes instead of the onion domes, changed the façade decorations. The splendid baroque look of the palace exterior was replaced by the early classicism.

Who took part in palace rebuilding?

In 1803-1805 near the palace on its yard two rows of shops were built by Giacomo Quarenghi.

In 1808-1810 the architect Luidgi Rusca rebuilt the palace interior and constructed service buildings and stables.

In 1817-1818 while working on the Ostrovsky Square ensemble Carl Rossi designed the changes in the garden and the palace.

Who else lived in the palace?

Members of Royal family, balls and formal receptions took place there.

What was in the Anichkov Palace in 1917-1935? - The City Museum.

11. Who occupies this place today?

- The Palace of Creative Activity for Yong People

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Anichkov Bridge

Anitchkov Bridge (in 1739 named Nevsky bridge, but the name didn’t stay) across Fontanka river comes along Nevsky prospect. There are several versions concerning its construction (here we use the version of P.Kann). The first bridge across |9 Fontanka river, | construction of which started in 1713, was situated opposite Italyanskaya street, adjoining Fontanka embankment. Anitchkov bridge bears the name of military commander of "working detachment" M.O.Anitchkov. In 1726 when the bridge became worthless it was replaced by another one, designed by engineer (X. van Boles). The second Anitchkov Bridge was a drawbridge, situated on the Great Perspective Road. At the time of its construction Anitchkov Bridge formed a city boundary.

In 1732 exactly at the same place - near Anitchkov Bridge the Triumphal Arch was erected in honor of Petersburg to become the capital of Russia again, after |1004 Empress Anna Ioannovna | with her court returned to the city. In 1743 Anitchkov Bridge was reconstructed by the architect S.Volkov and its decoration imitated granite.

I n 1783-1785 the bridge was rebuilt again in stone, using typical design. In 1838 erection of a new bridge was started (by the engineer A.D. Gotman/) It had to be of the same width as Nevsky prospect. The construction took about 10 years and it became a three-span bridge. New important detail was added - cast iron grilles decorated with sculptured figures of mermaids and sea-horses.

The design of the grille is sometimes ascribed to (1026 A.P.Bryullov ) Meanwhile it is a replica of grille on the bridge across Kufergraben river (branch of Spree river in the centre of Berlin in the beginning of Unter-den-Linden street), designed in 1722-1724 by Carl Fridrich Shinkel. The only difference between two grilles is that on Berlin’s bridge grille the figures of sea-horses alternate with tritons and on Anitchkov Bridge’s grille sea-horses alternate with mermaids.

In 1849-1850 the bridge was decorated with groups of sculptures «Horse Tamers" executed by P.K.Klodt. In 1906-1908 the bridge was rebuilt (by the architect Tchusev) again. Length of the bridge is 54. 6 meters, width - 37 meters.

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“Horse Tamers”

"Horse Tamers" - 4 bronze groups of Anitchkov Bridge is an ensemble the idea of which is the breaking in the horse by a man. The sculptures were not created simultaneously. In 1841 first 2 groups were placed on the bridge (those faced to the Admiralty. They had enormous success. Klodt resculptured them twice in bronze and they were presented by Nicholas I to the King of Prussia and the king of "2 Cecilia" and were sent to Berlin and Neapol accordingly.

In 1850 Klodt sculptured another pair of horses, placed on Anitchkov Bridge (facing Moscow railway terminal). The unique world’s famous ensemble was completed.

In autumn 1941 when fascist troops were near Leningrad it was decided to protect valuable sculptures. They were taken down from the bases and buried in the ground near Anitchkov palace.

On the second of June 1941 Klodt’s "Horses" were returned to their places. A lot of people gathered along the embankment to watch this. The event became a symbol of the end of the War.

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Yusupov Palace (ex)

E x.1 Agree or disagree

The first owner of the palace on the Moika Embankment, 94 was Nikolai Yusupov.

The Yusupov Palace had a house museum decorated in the baroque style.

In 1916 Grigory Potiomkin was killed in the Yusupov Palace.

During the Great Patriotic War there was a school in the building of the Yusupov Palace.

Ex.2 Rearrange the words in the correct order to make a sentence.

belonged several of The Yusupovs. palace to generations

became palace. Yusupov 1830 the of Nikolai In the owner

Drawing Room are The style. decorated eastern the Turkish Study and Moresque in

1917 After was in a situated the museum palace.

Ex.3 Choose the odd word out

1. Vallin de la Mote Mikhailov Potiomkin

2. chandelier silk candle

3. papier-mache manor house mansion

4. Corinthian Classical Doric

Ex.4 Express the same in English

Полы были покрыты наборным паркетом из ценных пород дерева.

В гостиной установили мраморный фонтан.

Здание сильно пострадало от бомб и снарядов во время Великой Отечественной войны.

В 1987 в помещении Юсуповского дворца был открыт Камерный музыкальный театр.

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Yusupov Palace (questions) Teacher’s list

What was in the place of the Yusupov Palace in the 18^th century?

The manor house of Shuvalov – a state official of Empress Elizabeth’s times.

What role did Jean Batist Vallin de la Mothe play in its creation?

In the 1760s the manor house was added to and increased by Vallin de la Mothe. He decorated the main façade with a six-colunm portico of the Tuscan order and added the artic floor.

Who owned the house at the end of the 18^th century?

a niece of prince Grigory Potiomkin.

Who bought it in 1830? -Nikolai Yusupov.

Whose design changed the building in 1830-1836?

Architect Alexander the Second built an annex near the house where the magnificent White Column Hall was erected with its colonnade of Corinthian order.

He remade the suite of the formal rooms on the first floor. The walls of the Dancing and White Column Halls, the Big Rotunda, Blue and Red Drawing were covered by artificial marble or by the silk fabric called shtof.

What can you say about the ceiling and the floor?

The ceilings had (have) beautiful paintings on them and the floors were (are) inlaid with costly woods.

What was (is) White column Hall decorated by?

- Graceful gold-plated chandeliers made from paier-mache.

What makes this house-palace special?

House theatre with 180 seats, decorated in the baroque style of the 19^th century with gold-plated mouldings.

What other impressive rooms could you mention?

The Turkish Study and Moresque Drawing are decorated in the eastern style (architect Ippolit Monigetti).

In the living room there was a marble fountain, the upper parts of the walls were decorated with Arab writing on the gold background.

Who did this palace belong to till Great October Socialist Revolution?

To several generations of Yusupovs.

What political even took place there?

The murder of the adventurer Grigory Rasputin, who held great influence over the tsar’s family.

What happened to the Yusupov Palace after 1917?

- It was a museum, Educators’ House, during the Great Patriotic War – a hospital, in 1987 a Chamber Music Theater was opened there.

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Elagin Palace (ex)

Ex.1 Word formation. Complete the gaps with the words formed from the ones given in the right.

From 1777 the island was owned by the court

official Ivan Elagin who was well-known for

his wealth, …… and refined taste. host

He ordered a park to be laid out there with

Bridges, bowers, grottoes and pavilions –

Favourite promenade of the ….. of the noble

capital city.

3. The two-storey palace is in the ….. east

part of the island.

During the Great Patriotic War the fire

destroyed the ….. palace interiors was beauty

created by Carl Rossi.

In Soviet times there was the Museum

of History of Culture and Everyday Life,

Then the institution for the ….. protect

of plants.

Ex.2 Give the definition of the words in English

p roperty

island

fence

protection

plant

Ex.3 Imagine you have become the owner of the Elagin Palace after the Great Patriotic War. Nearly everything is damaged and destroyed. You are rather rich and influential. What would you do? What kind of place would you think it could be?

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Elagin Palace (questions) Teacher’s list

Where is Elagin Island situated?

In the northern part of the delta of the Neva.

What was Ivan Elagin famous for?

for his wealth, hospitality and refined taste.

What happened to the Island in 1817?

It became the crown’s property.

Who rebuilt the manor house belonged to I.Elagin into a palace?

Carl Rossi in 1818-1822.

What most interesting items could you remember?

the Oval Hall with Ionic half-columns and caryatides, the Crimson and Blue Drawing rooms.

What happened during the Great Patriotic War?

the fire destroyed the beautiful palace and after the war it underwent long-term restoration.

What happened with the palace in Soviet times?

it was the museum of History of Culture and Everyday life, then the State institute for the protection of plants, and since 1960- the Place of Art Exhibitions.

What is there now?

Since 1987 the palace became the Museum of Russian Applied Arts and Interiors of the 18^th-20^th centuries.

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Marble Palace

T he Marble Palace stands close to the Field of Mars. For the first years after the foundation of St Petersburg, the Post Yard with a hostel had been standing on this palace.

The palace was erected between 1768 and 1785. It was designed by the architect Antonio Rinaldi. The palace was intended by Catherine II for her favourite Count Grigory Orlov, but died before the construction ended. Later the palace became a residence of the last Polish King Stanislaw-August Poniatowsky. Then this building belonged to Konstantin Pavlovich Tsesarevich and after him became the property of Grand Duke Konstantin Nikolaevich. The last owner of the palace was Grand Duke Konstantin Romanov. He was a well-known poet, who signed his verses with his initials K.R.

T he palace was given its name because marble of 32 sorts was used in its façade and interior decorations. The Marble Palace is one of the few buildings in St Petersburg where natural stones of different kinds are used instead of more common plaster. The style of this building is a transition from Baroque to Classicism. The facades of the palace are modest and laconic in design. The walls are faced with grey granite. The first and the second floors are decorated with Corinthian pillars hewn from pale pink marble.

The décor of the main facade overlooking the forecourt is largely executed in the Baroque style. On the eastern side of the court stands a building erected in the 1780s and rebuilt in the 1840s by Alexander Bryulov. The western façade of the court is decorated with bas-relief frieze “The Service of Horse to Man”. We can see his famous sculpture group “The Taming of Horse” on Anichkov Bridge.

The elegant railing surrounds the forecourt. In front of the east side of the palace stands a monument to the Emperor Alexander III. Alexander III was the founder of the Russian Museum. This monument was erected by the sculptor Paolo Trubetskoy in 1908. Now a branch of the Russian Museum is housed in the Marble Palace. Art exhibitions are often held in the palace.

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Marble Palace (questions) Teacher’s list

When was the Marble palace erected? 1768-1785

What architect made the design of the palace? – Antonio Rinaldi

Who was the Marble Palace intended for? – Count Grigory Orlov

Who else did it belong to? – Polish King Stanislaw-August Roniatovsky, Konstantin Tsesarevich, Grand Duke Konstantin Nikolaevich (Romanov)

Why was the palace given its name? – 32 kinds of marble were used in its façade and inner decorations

What style was the Marble Palace designed in? – from Baroque to Classicism

What can you tell about the palace’s facades? – they are modest and Laconic in design

What is the forecourt surrounded by? – by an elegant railing

What monument stands in front of the east side of the palace? – the monument to Emperor Alexander III

10. Who is its architect and when was it erected? Paolo Trubetskoy, 1908.

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Marble Palace (ex)

I. Correct the statements

The Marble Palace stands close to Peter and Paul Fortress.

Alexander III was the founder of the Hermitage.

The Marble Palace was designed by Bartolomeo Rastrelli.

The walls are faced with pink granite.

Grand Duke Konstantin Romanov was a famous Russian inventor.

II. Complete the sentences with these verbs

are held is decorated was intended belonged

are faced was created

1.The walls of the palace ……. with grey granite.

2. The palace …… by Catherine II for her favourite Count Grigory Orlov.

3. The art exhibitions ….. often …. in the palace.

4. Then the building ……. to Konstantin Pavlovich Tsesarevich.

5. This monument ……. by the sculptor Paolo Trubetskoy in 1908.

6. The western façade of the court ……. With a bas-relief frieze “The

Service of Horse to Man”.

III. Choose the odd word out

modest, splendid, forecourt, grandiose

count, duke, nobleman, frieze

owner, pale, colourful, bright

erect, install, overlook, create

hew, carve, mould, property

face, marble, design, rebuild

pillar, post yard, hostel, palace

IV. Express the same in English

Фасад дворца скромен и лаконичен.

Стиль этого здания – переход от барокко к классицизму.

Последним владельцем этого дворца был Великий князь Константин Романов.

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THE CITY OF

VALOUR AND GLORY

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The Field of Mars (questions)

Describe the arrangement of the Field of Mars, its boundaries.

Its great territory is limited to the north by the river Neva, to the south by the river Moika, on its eastern side lie the Lebyazhy Canal and the Summer Garden. To the west firstly the Krasny (Red) was dug, ended with a harbour on the Neva. Near by, the Mail and Animal Yards were built.

What for did this place use to serve?

After the marsh was drained the field began to be used for the soldiers’ training.

How did it start to call and why?

During holidays fireworks were held here and it became Field of Fun.

What other names of this place do you remember?

Big Meadow, Tsaritsa’s Meadow (after the building of Catherine’s I palace, now there is Carl Rossi pavilion).

Who designed the Marble Palace built on the place of the former Mail Yard?

Antonio Rinaldi, between 1768-1785.

What name was the field given in the second half of the 18^th century?

the Field of Mars (in honour of Mars, the Roman god of war).

What is situated in the north part of the Field of Mars?

Monument to Alexander Suvorov (sculptor Mikhail Kozlovsky (between 1799-1801).

What buildings were built in 1817-1819 on the western side of the Field of Mars?

Barracks (service buildings of the Pavlovsky Regiment) – architect Vasily Stasov.

For 200 years the Field of Mars stood empty. What happened in the 1920s?

- It was turned into a garden (the project by architect Ivan Fomin).

10. What was put in the centre of the Field?

- Monument to the Revolutionary Fighters.

11. When was the Eternal Fire lit? – In 1957.

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THE FIELD OF MARS

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The Field of Mars (ex)

Complete the gaps with the suitable verbs in Passive

was named was built is adorned were dug

was drained was turned is limited

The territory of the Field of Mars ……. to the north and to the south by two rivers.

On the western and eastern sides Red and Swan Canals …..

The marsh ….. and the field began to be called for the soldiers’ training.

Later Field of Fun ….. Big Meadow, and after that Tsaritsa’s Meadow, since nearby across the Moika a palace ….. for Catherine I.

The big façade of the building ….. by three porticos with a colonnade.

In the 1920s thank to our citizens the Field of Mars …..into the garden.

Match the words which go together

Marble Canal

Monument to Meadow

Lebyazhy Garden

Krasny the Revolutionary Fighters

Animal Palace

Big Canal

Pavlovsky Yard

Mail Regiment

Mikhailovsky Yard

Find an odd word

1. field forest meadow plain

2. weapons armour shield soldier

3. marble marsh stone wood

4. square yard centre garden

5. relics portico attic fronton

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Monuments to Kutuzov and Barclay de Tolly

I n 1837 in commemoration of the 25th anniversary of the Victory over Napoleon monuments to Kutuzov and Barclay de Tolly (sculptor B.Orlovsky ) were opened. The commanders are wearing Field-Marshal’s uniform. It is for the first time in the history of Russian monumental sculpture that the real uniform is sculptured. The Napoleon’s banners are by their feet. The statues have portrait similarities with the prototypes, the characters are depicted psychologically accurately as well. Severe reserve, thoughtfulness of Barclay contrasts to an energy and decisive activity of Kutuzov, according to their role during the war. That what A.S.Pushkin told when he saw the models of the statues in the studio of Orlovsky: "Here is Barclay - an initiator, and here is Kutuzov - an executor".

Unveiled in front of the Cathedral they completed the architectural ensemble and stressed its meaning of the monument to Russian military glory.

During the blockade days these monuments among few others were left unclosed to strengthen the spirit of fighting nation.

Obelisk to the Hero-city of Leningrad

Obelisk to the "Hero-City of Leningrad" was unveiled in commemoration of the 40th Anniversary of the Victory over fascism on * of May 1985 in the centre of Vosstaniya square (27 Znamenskaya square). It was erected on the site of the 28 monument to Alexander III.

T he obelisk is made of pink marble, it is a monolith, its weight is 400 ton and height is 36 meters. It is made in form of %-side obelisk with the Golden Star of Hero City on top. Each of the sides is decorated with a 52 bas-reliefs, commemorating heroic defense of Leningrad during the blockade of 1941-1944. The granite was mined near the town of Vyborg.The obelisk is clearly seen from Nevsky prospect and it closes off the perspective from the side of 20 Moscow railway terminal.

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The temples of St Petersburg are much more than sightseeing. We can’t imagine our city without magnificent temples designed by famous architects: Domenico Trezzini, Yury Felten, Bartolomeo Rastrelli,

Ivan Starov, Andrey Voronikhin, Vasily Stasov, Mikhasil Zemtsov, Auguste Montferrand and others.

Tourists from all over the world come to Saint Petersburg every year to admire these masterpieces, their splendour forms, unique outer and inner decorations.

To enjoy and get much information about Saint-Petersburg temples I recommend you to work with a book, written by M.A.Gatskevich that contains interesting texts and a lot of lexical and grammar exercises.

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THE TEMPLES

OF

SAINT-PETERSBURG

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Evangelical-Lutheran Church of Sait Peter, Znamenskaya Church,1794-1804,

1833-1838, A.Brullov,A.Triskorni F.Demertsov, in 1952 was destroyed

Kazan Cathedral, 1801-1811, Saint-Catherine Church, 1763-1783,

A.Voronikhin J.B.Vallin de la Mothe, A.Rinaldi

Saint-Isaac’s Cathedral, The Naval St Nicholas Cathedral of

A.Montferrand, 1818-1858 Theophany, 1753-1762, S.Chevakinsky

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NEVSKY PROSPEKT

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Nevsky Prospekt (questions) Teacher’s list

Where were strait wide roads laid for the first time?

In Saint-Petersburg

When was “a perspective” made from the Admiralty to Nameless River (the Fontanka)?

in 1715

What did Peter I order in 1718, 1719 to have a good road in Saint-Petersburg?

in 1718 ordered a road to be built from Alexander Nevsky Monastery to Ligovka, to Novgorod road

in 1719 another order was issued, for the road from the Admiralty settlement across the Fontanka.

What work was done for a period of 1721-1724 years?

the part of the street fro the Admiralty to today’s Vosstaniya Square was drained, partly paved and was planted with birches.

What was situated on the territory now partly occupied by Place Square, Bolshaya and Malaya Morskaya Streets?

the sea market – the centre of the Sea settlement. Near there was a big tavern.

When did the prospekt receive its modern name Nevsky?

in 1783.

Could you name squares that Nevsky Prospekt joined together?

6 squares: Palace, Kazan, Arts, Ostrovsky, Vosstaniya (former Znamenskaya) and Alexander Nevsky Squares.

What buildings were being erected at the end of 19^th – beginning of 20^th century?

building for banks, commercial firms, joint-stock companies, etc.

Mostly there were two-storey houses on Nevsky Prospekt. What happened to them?

Many of them were enlarged to four or five storey and became hotels and restaurants.

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Nevsky Prospect stretches west-to-east for 4.5 km. It is not uniform in character over it whole length and may be divided into three parts the first one of which, about 2 km long, runs from the Admiralty to the Fontanka River and is most interesting because it is saturated with architectural monuments and ensembles, crossed with water canals and rivers, and vivified with trees and gardens.

It is the magnificent and solemn Nevsky that Nikolay Gogol called "the beauty of our capital". The 2nd part of the avenue, about 1 km long, runs from the Fontanka River to the Vosstaniya Square. The one is dominated by massive apartment houses typical of the late 19th to early 20th centuries which form the continuous row construction. Several palace-like mansions are exception to this rule. The last 1.5 km long part leading from the Vosstaniya Square to the Alexander Nevsky Lavra was constructed later on. Its sole architectural ensemble is Alexander Nevsky Square ending the avenue.

T rade House of the "Zinger"company, selling world-famous sewing machines was situated in the building at the corner of Nevsky prospect and Griboyedov Canal (Ekaterininsky Canal). When Zinger company decided to open its trade house in Petersburg, the land plot in Nevsky was chosen to construct the first "skyscraper" - 11-storey building. The latter was not possible due to the decree, which was in power since 1841 to prohibit construction of the buildings higher than Winter Palace (23,5 m lower than the cornice). So Zinger limited itself to the construction of the attic over the 6th floor with the ornamental tower shaped as globe to stress that Singer’s output has conquered the world.

The building was constructed by the architect P.Syuzor in 1906 and replaced the old 4-story building erected between 1902 and 1904. Trade house "Singer" is designed in Modern Art style, typical for Russian architecture in the beginning of XIX century. The architect used a new detail - metal frame holding ferro-concrete floors. Lighter construction allowed to create lager windows. Three biggest upper windows are decorated with bronze twin stylized groups on rostrum, |sculptured by Adamson, embodimenting "Industry" and "Navigation". One statue in each group is holding a sewing machine and a spindle, another - a boat-hook.

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T he building is topped by the giant dome with globe on the sewing needle held by bronze figures of "Navigation" sculpture group. The walls are tiled with valuable stone-grey and red granite. This building was the biggest construction in Petersburg made of stone, metal and glass. Typical for Modern Art style details - windows shape, plenty of stylized scuppers and extraordinary tower topping - all this seemed unusual and caused negative references from many citizens, as it was with Tour Eiffel Tower in Paris. Both discussions were smoothed over by the time and now the building forms the sight of Nevsky prospect. After revolution, in 1918 the House of Books - one of the biggest book stores in the country was opened in this building.

B olshoy Gostiny Dvor was constructed between 1761 and1785by French architect J.B.Vallin de la Mothe and replaced the old one-storey building erected in 1730. Gostiny Dvor in its plan is a rectangle with total length more than a kilometer. The facade is designed as a series of open two-tired arcades of shop galleries. Facade overlooking Nevsky prospect has a total length of 230 meters. Built in the early Classicism |style the building looks severe and monumental: the arches along the facade are rhythmically alternated with |pilasters. In the facade overlooking Nevsky there is a 4-column portico topped with an attic where the dates of the beginning and the end of the construction are inscribed. Situated in recession from red line, on the widest part of Nevsky prospect the building is viewed from some distance instead of its length.

The history of Gostiny Dvor started more than 2 centuries ago, during which it was the biggest and the most famous trade centre in Petersburg. In old Russia merchants were called "gosty" (the guests) - hence the name "Gostiny Dvor". In XVII century the trade in Gostiny Dvor was specialized - separated according to rows and "lines". Each of four sides ("lines") of Gostiny Dvor had its own name. In XVIII century they were named in accordance with the goods sold there - Cloth line, Mirror line,

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B olshaya (big) Surovskaya and Malaya (Small) Surovskaya lines ("Surovsky" was the name of goods delivered from Surozh - Sudak nowadays). The tradition had been kept in XIX - XX century although the goods sold in the shops were already different. At present the lines of Gostiny Dvor are named as the streets to which they are faced: Nevsky, Sadovaya, Lomonosovskaya and Perinnaya.

B eloselskys-Belozerskys Palace is the first Palace in Petersburg built in "the SecondBaroque style»Neo-Baroque by the architect A.Shtakenschneider. Stroganov Palace built by the great master of Baroque style F. Rastrelli was a prototype of A.Stakenschneider’s work Stroganov Palace which is situated on the similar land spot - where Nevsky prospect crosses Fontanka river. They are both three-coloured with splendid decorum and they are the reminiscent of the Baroque style.

Due to the Palace impressive size, colourful conception and expressive silhouette it is considered to be one of the best adornment of Nevsky prospect.

T he Palace possesses one rear for Eclecticism feature - stylistic identity of its exterior and interior decoration.

Two suits of ceremonial rooms are preserved on the second floor. One suite is called Golden as it has rich and complicated gilt patterns. Another suit is famous for its two halls - Grand Mirror Hall designed for concerts with wonderful acoustic and Oak Hall, former library of Grand Prince with the unique carvings. This Hall is also decorated with

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paintings, mirrors, crystal chandeliers, fire-places framed with white marble and priceless parquet floors.

The palace got its contemporary appearance in 1846-1849 after the old building which belonged to Beloselskys- Belozerskys was reconstructed by the architect A.Stakenschneider. The Palace was then owned by the member of Romanov’s family and became a Grand Prince Palace. After the revolution the building became the premises of the District Committee of CPSU and Comsomol. Since 1992 the Palace houses the Cultural Centre of Major’s Office.

Y eliseyev’s Trade house (No 56) was constructed between 1902 and 1903 by the architect G. Baranovsky. This building is a typical example of early Modern Art style. Put up in the central part of Nevsky prospect the building creates a contrast but spectacular impression: huge glass windows on the facade contrast with walls tiled with heavy stone, ornamental patterns with smooth lines typical for Modern Art contrast with naturalized sculpture, symbolizing Industry, Trade, Science and Art. The interior, magnificently decorated, is clearly seen through the windows: high walls are faced with marble and tiles, decorated with mirrors and lamps of whimsical forms.

In 1980 the building was reconstructed but has retained its original appearance. This trade house belonged to the Yeliseyev’s family and was the largest in Russia. Yeliseyev was a serf of the Count Sheremetjev, but when he got freedom in 1813 he started his own business - it was a small shop in Petersburg but soon it became a reputable store and was inherited by Yeliseyev’s sons.

I n 1843 his sons founded the company "Yeliseyev brothers". Thanks to their commercial talent and their hard work the company expanded very quickly, they established contacts with the leading trade companies in Europe. In order to deliver wine and "colonial goods" to Russia brothers bought their own sea fleet and wine stores on Madeira island in Bordo and Oporto. In the middle of XIX century Yeliseyev’s company was recognized world-wide as a very reliable one.

At present the first floor belongs to "Yeliseyev store" share-holding company, the second floor houses the Comedy theatre named after N.P.Akimov.

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" Passage" building was erected in 1846-1848 by the architect Zhelyazevitch. The facade was rebuilt in 1899-1900 by the architect S.Kozlov. It was built like European passages and represented closed gallery with total length of 180 meters, artificially lighted and situated between Nevsky prospect and parallel street - Italyanskaya ulitsa. Firstly the building had 3 stories. Its facade was designed in Renaissance |style. After the renovation in 1900 the 4th floor was added, decoration in renaissance style was destroyed, big glass shop windows were constructed on the first and on the second floors. For wall tiling the natural stone -radomsky sunstone was used.

Built opposite Gostiny Dvor in the busiest part of Nevsky prospect "Passage" quickly became the place of "elegant trade and elegant promenades" of the refined public. It unified the 2 functions - the place for trade and the place for entertainment, which was new for Russia. As contemporary newspaper commented the interior was organized "in new and elegant style’. Glass roof, parquet floors, huge inner shop windows, bright gas night lightening, a lot of air and space - all this was unusual for the middle of XIX century.

Two bottom circles were occupied by the stores, where the most fashionable items were sold: Paris perfumes, silk, bronze, jewelry etc.

T he third circle was a residential one.

By the beginning of XX century more than 60 fashionable stores were situated in the Passage.

In 1904 the theatre created by remarkable actress |1071 Komissarzhevskaya was established in Concert Hall. In the Soviet times the Passage became a large State department store and it has been still one of the most popular and biggest shops in the city.

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V olf and Beranzhee confectionery - "Cofeynya" (confectioner’s), was opened by the Swiss bakers Volf and Beranzhee in the house no 18 in Nevsky prospect on the corner with Moyka embankment known by the name of its first owner Kotomin. The building represents the typical residential house in Classicism style. The building, constructed in XVIII century was rebuilt by architect Stasov in 1812-1815.

The exterior of the building is strict and laconic. The wings are decorated with 4-column loggias; the roof has a graceful cornice on the brackets with bas-reliefs between them. Originally the centre of the facade was accented by the column portico, which was destroyed.

T he confectioner’s famous not only for its cuisine, but for the variety of newspapers and magazines, was one of the literary clubs of Saint Petersburg. It was well known to A.S.Pushkin who lived nearby, on Moyka 12. It was in this confectioner’s where he met his duel second on the fatal day of 27 January 1837.After they left confectioner’s they have got into the sleigh and went to Tchernaya Retchka, where the poet was deadly wounded. Few days later the visitors of the confectioner’s heard the new name - M.Lermontov, and they rewrote secretly his poem "Death of the poet".

Municipal Duma House was erected in 1799-1804 by architect D. Ferrari. It repeated the forms of the Silver Rows (Serebrynye ryady) and likewise all European town halls crowned with multi-tired tower with a big clock.

The tower has kept its look so far without any changes, the building itself has been restored completely. In the midst of XIX century architect N.Efimov and L.Bonshtedt increased the height of the house and changed its facades. In 1913 architect Kenel built the 4th and the 5th attic floors. The multi-tired tower is of a great importance in architectural ensemble of Nevsky prospect, its

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dominant and visible from any distance had been used for different purposes. The very first optical (mirrored) telegraph station for sending telegrams from Winter Palace placed here; it was used as a fire-observation tower and for alarming of floods in Saint-Petersburg. The clock was set up in 1884. For more than 130 years the Municipal Duma of Saint-Petersburg had been working here (it was established as institutions of local government in 1786 due the decree of Catherine II.

The Central Alexander Hall of Duma was often used for lectures and concerts. It was decorated with mouldings, mirrors, graceful lattices of balconies and stairs and was famous for its perfect acoustic. Concerts of Free musical school founded by Balakyrev and Russian music Society led by A.Rubinshtain took place here; Student’s orchestra of Petersburg Philarmony (P.Tchaikovsky was among its first students) gave concerts. In 1862 lectures of Saint Petersburg Free University were delivered (Among lecturers were outstanding scientists I.Sechenovv, D.Mendeleev etc.); in musical and poetry public parties F.Dostoevsky, A.Block. S.Yesenin took part.

In November 1917 old Duma was dissolved and elections into new Petrograd Bolshevik Municipal Duma Council headed by M. Kalinin were fixed. In 1918-1919 it was replaced for Commissariat of Municipal service (economy).

Russian-Asian Bank (until 1910 - Severny (North) bank) was placed in the house No 62 built by B.I.Girshovitch in 1896-1898 using some details of Renaissance style. Magnificent facade of this 4-storey building is decorated with stone ornamental patterns and bas-reliefs. Asymmetrical pediment is crowned with the sculpture of young man’s head wearing helmet with little wings. This is a Roman God - Mercury - the patron of trade. Below it there are bas-reliefs of two Mercury’s rods twined round with snakes. Such rod was supposed to be used by Mercury to calm down those

"Reputable", heavy forms of the building, facade tiled with expensive natural stone, the usage of decorum representing trade and navigation - all this has to remind about wealth and power of the owners.

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Russian-Asian bank was considered to be the biggest among Russian banks. It was founded in Petersburg in 1910 as a result of amalgamation of 2 banks; Russian-Chinese bank and Severny (North) bank. It had more than 100 branches and possessed 20% of total capital of all commercial banks in Petersburg. The bank was founded with an active participation of Ministry of finance. The bank was managed by A.Putilov - the Head of the Office of Ministry of Finance.

Now it is a district branch of the commercial bank "Saint-Petersburg".

F .L.Mertens Trade House - fur trade firm - occupied house no 21 which was built in 1912 by architect M.S.Lyalichev in Renaissance (Neo-Renaissance) style. This building is a typical one for the time of 1910-s for its design of glass and metal.

Application of metallic frame allowed to glass almost entirely 4-storey building’s facade, mounted cut it through 3 arches on accentual slender piers. Owing to this the wall turned into a light transparent casing. Having demonstrated the artistic potentialities of the technique, the architect solved a city-planning task as well: glassed (53 arcade) closed the perspective of Bolshaya Konyushennaya ulitsa.

Arches stones are decorated by statues of sitting youths and a girl. A doe is lying by the girl’s feet, so are the panthers next to the youths, one of the animals growling, fawning the other. Above human figures there are garlands decorated with typical for antique ornaments sheep’s sculls. There is a limestone polar bear holding a globe on a small pedestal with a fountain in the courtyard. All the sculptures and decorations were designed by V.V.Kuznetsov. In Soviet period Dom Modeley was put up there - Fashion House nowadays. Demidov Hotel occupied house no 64 in Nevsky prospect. This house acquired its modern outlook after rebuilding by the architect P.Y.Syuzor in 1880. As far back as 1841 the furnished apartments called Demidov Hotel opened there. The Landlady Ogustin Shatillion rented rooms only for touring actors. A lot of famous people were staying there, among them the names of two outstanding singers P.Viardot and A.Bozio. In the beginning of the XX century no 64 was also well known for its best photographer’s studio in Saint-Petersburg called Karl Bulla Photos. In 1919 the Publishing House "Vsemirnaya Literatura" managed by |1045 A.M.Gorky | started its activities there.

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THE ROMANOVS

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THE ROMANOVS

Michail Fedorovich Alexei Michailovich Feodor Alexeevich

(1613-1645) (1645-1676) (1676-1682)

Sophia Ivan V Peter I Ekaterina I

(1682-1689) (1682-1696) (1682-1725) (1725-1727)

Peter II Anna Ioanovna Ivan YI Elizaveta

(1727-1730) (1730-1740) (1740-1741) (1741-1761)

Peter III Ekaterina II Pavel I Alexander I

(1761-1762) (1762-1796) (1796-1801) (1801-1825)

Nikolai I Alexander II Alexander II Nikolai II

(1825-1855) (1855-1881) (1881-1894) (1894-1917)

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Царь Михаил Федорович Романов (12.07.96 – 13.02.1645)

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А лександр Третий Александрович

(26.02.1845-20.10.1894)

Будущий Александр III судьбой не предназначался к престолу: второй сын, он оказался наследником в 20 лет, после внезапной смерти старшего брата. Поэтому образование его и воспитание не соответствовали выпавшей ноше - сызмала его готовили к военной службе. Известно, что поставленный перед необходимостью постигать азы государственного управления уже сложившимся человеком, наследник говорил: «К чему мне все это? У меня будут ответственные министры!» Трагические обстоятельства восшествия на престол тоже оказали влияние на все его царствование: он считал гибель отца следствием реформ, просвещения и ослабления государственных гаек. При Александре III всякая мысль о либеральных уступках была забыта. В первом же его Манифесте декларировалось, что император «с верою в силу и истину самодержавной власти будет ее утверждать и охранять от всяких на нее поползновений». Были усилены государственный и репрессивный аппарат, ужесточена цензура, запрещено принимать в гимназии «детей кучеров, лакеев, прачек, мелких лавочников и т.п.» Однако террористическое движение уничтожить не удалось, хотя его участников неукоснительно казнили; среди повешенных был и А.И. Ульянов, брат В.И.Ленина. В личной жизни императора, человека огромного роста и силы, шутя гнувшего подковы, царили мир и спокойствие, омрачаемые только неумеренным употреблением спиртного, что. по мнению врачей, в сочетании с хроническим нефритом и свело его в могилу сравнительно молодым: Александр III скончался в возрасте 49 лет.

Alexander III Alexandrovich (26.02.1845 - 20.10.1894)

The future Tsar Alexander was not intended to succeed to the throne, he happened to become an heir at the age of 20 after sudden death of his elder brother. His limited education and upbringing didn't match his position. From early childhood he was trained for military service. It is a well known fact that when he was necessitated to acquire basic skills in ruling the country the heir who was at that time an adult person refused saying he would have the ministers in charge of doing it. Tragic events accompanying his accession contributed to his reactionary policies. He considered his father's tragic death to be the consequence of reforms, education and loosening the screws of state power. Alexander increased the repressive powers of police. His first decree proclaimed that Emperor with the faith in power and truth of the state would allege and secure it from any kind of threat. Censorship was tightened; children from the families of coachmen, boot men, laundresses, and small shopkeepers were deprived of the right to attend grammar schools. Terrorist movement, nevertheless, was not suppressed, though its members were rigorously executed. A.I.UIyanov. Lenin's brother was among those hanged at that period.

Alexander III was a man of exceptional night and Herculean strength capable to bend horse shoes. His personal life could be referred to as peaceful and quiet but for his taking to drinking. The doctors stated that this together with his chronic nephritis caused his death at a relatively early age of 49.

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Н иколай Второй Александрович (6.05.1868-17.07.1918)

Великий князь Николай Александрович получил отличное образование: в дополнение к курсу классической гимназии изучал политическую историю, свободно владеланглийским, французским и немецким языками, прошел полный объем дисциплин историко-философского факультета университета и Академии Генштаба. На трон он взошел 26 лет, имея чин полковника, и. хотя считал себя профессиональным военным, так в нем и остался - по тогдашнему российскому закону по восшествии на престол дальнейшее производство запрещалось. Простой в обращении, не требовательный в личной жизни, любящий муж и отец, император оказался слишком слаб духом, и мелок характером для сложного времени своего царствования. При нем Россия прошла через две крупные войны - русско-японскую и Первую мировую. Столкновение с Японией окончилось сокрушительным поражением и революцией 1905-07 годов,заставившей императора дать некоторое подобие конституции и утвердить Государственную Думу с ограниченными законодательными правами. Мировая война, начавшаяся в 1914 году, окончательно истощила страну и в экономическом, и в политическом плане и привела к Февральской революции 1917 года, положившей конец монархии в России. Николай II и члены его семьи были арестованы и сосланы в Тобольск. После Октябрьской революции режим содержания царственных арестантовстал значительно более строгим, а 16 июля 1918 года Николай II. его жена, четыре дочери и сын, а также доктор Боткин, лакей Трупп, фрейлина Демидова и повар Харитонов были расстреляны.

Nikolai II Alexandrovich (6.05.1868 - 17.07.1918)

The Grand Prince Nikolai Alexandrovich got an excellent education. His studies at a grammar school were supplemented with the course of political history. He spoke fluent English, French and German, undertook the course of history and philosophy at the University and did a wide range of subjects in the Academy of the Headquarters. He succeeded to the throne at the age of 26 in the rank of Colonel and though considered himself to be a professional military officer was never promoted to higher ranks in accordance with the Russian laws of that time. Being very friendly and easy to deal with in his personal life, a devoted father and husband he appeared to be too weak to cope with the difficulties of his reign. Russia lived through two severe wars, Russo-Japanese and World War I. The humiliating outcome of the Russo-Japanese war resulted in Revolution of 1905-1907 and forced the Emperor to issue constitution and establish the state Duma with restricted legislative power. World War I broke in 1914 and brought the country on the verge of political and economic crisis. It brought about February Revolution of 1917 which put an end to the monarchy in Russia. Nicolas II and members of his family were arrested and exiled to Tobolsk. After October Revolution the mode of their staying in prison was considerably tightened. On July 16, 1918 Nicolas II, his wife, four daughters and a son as well as Dr. Botkin, butler Trouppe, Lady-in-waiting Demidova and a cook Kharitonov were assassinated.

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Revision

Quiz 1 How Saint Petersburg began

1. Tsar Peter I dreamed of making the new capital looks like …

a) Rome b) Paris c) Amsterdam

2. The bastions of Peter and Paul Fortress were connected by strait walls - ….

a) hexagon b) curtains c) ravelins

3. Peter I hired ……. to build the fortress in stone.

a) Mikhail Zemtsov b) Ivan Korobov c) Domenico Trezzini

3. In front of the Admiralty building an avenue was laid …

a) off b) away c) out

4. In 1718 the stone building of …. as the future centre of science, the public library and astronomical lecture theatre began to construct.

a) Kunstkammer b) Admiralty c) Stock Exchange

5. The first governor of St Petersburg was …

a) Alexander Kikin b) Alexander Menshikov c) Peter I

6. In 1709 Peter gave Vassilievsky Island as a present to …

a) D.Trezzini b) Alexander Kikin c) Alexander Menshikov

7. In 19^th century all the Twelve Collegium Building was given to…..

a) Academy of Science b) the Hermitage c) State University

8. The place chosen for the Summer Garden was a …

a) swamp b) field c) forest

9. The first Summer Garden was planned for the … of high society.

a) business parties b) assemblies c) buildings

10. In 1855 on one of the clearings in the Summer Garden the monument to….. was erected

a) Peter I b) I.Krylov c) Catherine I

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Quiz 2 Architectural Ensembles of Saint-Petersburg

1. The present Winter Palace is the …. one.

a) fifth b) sixth c) seventh

2. The main …. of the building looks on to Palace Square.

a) windows b) façade c) walls

3. From 1762 the Winter Palace for 150 years was the … of Russian emperors.

a) residence b) house c) church

4. The General Staff Arch was built as a monument to the victory in the …..

a) Patriotic War of 1812 b) Great October Revolution

c) Turkish War

5. The …. was the highest legislative organ in Russia till 1917.

a) Senate b) Synod c) tsar

6. The monument to Peter I was erected on the order of ….

a) Elizabeth Petrovna b) Catherine I c) Catherine II

7. St Isaac’s Cathedral was the church where …. married …..

a) Peter I … Catherine I b) Peter III ….. Catherine II

c) Andrey Razumovsky ….Elizabeth Petrovna

8. The monument to Nicholas I is unique among ….statues.

a) equestrian b) Greece c) marble

9. The construction of St Isaac’s Cathedral went on for ….

a) 38 years b) 39 years c) 40 years

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10. The façade of the earlier Stock Exchange building looked on to the Winter Palace and did not …..with the ensemble of the square.

a) fit in b) take place c) look like

11. On both sides of the Stock Exchange building are the southern and northern …..

a) pavilions b) statues c) warehouses

12. In 1800 on Paul I’s order the bronze monument to Peter I was put on the square in front of …

a) Mariinsky Palace b) Mikhailovsky Castle c) Admiralty

13. Mikhailovsky Palace was built like a ….

a) country mansion b) castle c) church

14. The length, width and height of buildings of architect Rossi Street are accordingly:

a) 220,22,22m b) 22,22,22m c) 102,10,2,10,2m

15. On November 24,1873, in the reign of Alexander II in the centre of the garden in front of Alexandrinsky theatre a monument to ….. was erected.

a) Alexander I b) Paul I c) Catherine II

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MAGIC SQUARE.

Find the names of 17 architects and 17 places of interest.

The words are represented across, down and diagonally

from left to right.

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Answers:

ST ISAACS CATHEDRAL

BRONSE HORSEMAN

ROSTRAL COLUMNS

PALACE SQUARE

WINTER PALACE

ADMIRALTY

KAZAN CATHEDRAL

ALEXANDER COLUMN

KUNTSKAMMER

10. RUSSIAN MUSEUM

11. MIKHAILOVSKY CASTLE

12. NEVSKY PROSPEKT

13. NEVA

14. ANICHKOV BRIDGE

15. SUMMER GARDEN

16. HERMITAGE

17. PETER AND PAUL FORTRESS

RINALDY

FALCONET

RASTRELLI

ROSSI

MONTFERRAND

VORONIKHIN

ZAKHAROV

KIAVERI

BAZHENOV

10. BRENNA

11. THOMAS DE THOMON

12. MATTARNOVI

13. COLLOT

14. TREZZINI

15. FELTEN

16. ZEMTSOV

17. KLODT

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Quiz 3 Places of Interest and Architects

1 D.Trezzini a) Mariinsky Palace

2. Y.Felten b) The Peter and Paul Cathedral

P. Egorov

3. C.Rossi c) The Mikhailovsky Castle

4. A.Zakharov d) The monument to Catherine II

5. A.Shtakenshneider e) The Marble Palace

6. A.Rinaldi f) The Stock Exchange Building

7. A.Montferrand g) The Kunstkammer

8. B.Rastrelli h) St.Isaac’s Cathedral

9. Tomas de Thomon i) The Gostiny Dvor

10. G.Mattarnovi j) The Kazan Cathedral

G.Kiaveri

M.Zemtsov

11. A.Voronikhin k) Mikhailovsky Palace

12. E.Falkonet l) The Railing of the Summer Garden

M.A.Collot

13. M.Mikeshin m) The Bronze Horseman

14. J.Vallin de la Mothe n) Winter Palace

15. V.Bazhenov, o) The Admiralty

V.Brenna

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Quiz 3 Places of Interest and Architects (answers)

1. D.Trezzini b) Peter and Paul Cathedral

2. Y.Felten l) The Railing of the Summer Garden

P.Egorov

3. C.Rossi k) Mikhailovsky Palace

4. A.Zakharov o) The Admiralty

5. a.Shtakenshneider a) Mariinsky Palace

6. A.Rinaldi e) The Marble Palace

7. A. Montferrand h) St Isaac’s Cathedral

8. B.Rastrelli n) Winter Palace

9. Thomas de Thomon f) The Stock Exchange Building

10. G.Mattarnovi g) The Kunstkammer

G.Kiavery

M.Zemtsov

11. A.Voronokhin j) Kazan Cathedral

12. E.Falkonet m) The Bronze Horseman

M.A.Collot

13. M.Mikeshin d) The Mnument to Catherine II

14. J.Vallin de la Mothe i) The Gostiny Dvor

15. V.Bazhenov c) Mikhailovsky Castle

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Quiz 4 The Romanovs

Who was the last Russian Tsar?

After the death of Peter II a niece of Peter the Great was invited to the Russian throne. What was her name?

Whose reigning led to a conspiracy of military officers and nobles following the murder in his own palace?

Which of Russian tsars “opened the window into the West”?

Who was the first Empress of All Russia?

Which of Russian tsarinas reined for two decades demonstrating devotion of her father’s heritage?

Who reined during the Great Patriotic War of 1812?

Who reined with Regent Sophie?

Which of the Romanov’s dynasty was named

“Liberator” (Osvoboditel”) and why?

10. Who was the first representative of the line of Holstein-Gottorp of Romanov House lasted till February, 1917?

11. Who was the first of Russian tsars ascended the throne by democratic procedure?

12. Whose reigning is closely associated with Suvorov, Potyemkin, Derzhavin, Kulibin, etc and continued for three decades?

13. Who became a tsar at the age of two months and five days old?

14. Which of the Romanovs was known as “Tishaishii”?

15. Whose reign started with great bloodshed and was dictatorial and paternalistic up to the end?

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Quiz 4 The Romanovs (with answers)

Who was the last Russian Tsar?

Nikolai II

After the death of Peter II a niece of Peter the Great was invited to the Russian throne. What was her name?

Anna Ioanovna

Whose reigning led to a conspiracy of military officers and nobles following the murder in his own palace?

Paul I

Which of Russian tsars “opened the window into the West”?

Peter the Great

Who was the first Empress of All Russia?

Catherine I

Which of Russian tsarinas reined for two decades demonstrating devotion of her father’s heritage?

Elizaveta Petrovna

Who reined during the Great Patriotic War of 1812?

Alexander I

Who reined with Regent Sophie?

Ivan VI, Peter I

Which of the Romanov’s dynasty was named

“Liberator” (Osvoboditel”) and why?

Alexander II, he abolished serfdom

10. Who was the first representative of the line of Holstein-Gottorp of Romanov House lasted till February, 1917?

Peter III

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11. Who was the first of Russian tsars ascended the throne by democratic procedure?

- Mikhail Romanov

12. Whose reigning is closely associated with Suvorov, Potyemkin, Derzhavin, Kulibin, etc and continued for three decades?

- Catherine II

13. Who became a tsar at the age of two months and five days old?

- Ivan VI (Antonovich)

14. Which of the Romanovs was known as “Tishaishii”?

- Alexey Mikhailovich

15. Whose reign started with great bloodshed and was dictatorial and paternalistic up to the end?

- Nikolai I

Адрес публикации: https://www.prodlenka.org/metodicheskie-razrabotki/161077-jelektivnyj-kurs-peterburgskij-jekskursovod