Периодическая система Менделеева: от квантовой физики до космической химии

Past, present and future of Periodic Table

1. The periodic table of chemical elements of Mendeleev is rightfully one of the most famous tables in the world.

2. Its discovery has fundamentally determined the path of development of all natural sciences in the coming decades.

 3. The opening of the periodic law has led to a huge intellectual and industrial leap in the development of society.

4. The purpose of our work is to prove that the periodic table that played such a large role in the history of mankind will still surprise the scientific community and lead to almost more unexpected discoveries.

5. The main merit of Mendeleev was that the ordering of elements by him was not the ultimate goal of his work, but the discovery of new perspectives and horizons for the development of science.

6. It was not the end, but only the beginning in world science.

 7. Mendeleev, who left empty cells in the table, predicted the fundamental properties of all subsequently discovered substances.

8. In addition, he left a huge field of activity to search for new elements even on other planets, because the periodic law provides a place in the table for each of them.

9. Currently, the periodic table can literally get a new birth.

 10. It is the basis of the new system of intermolecular interactions, which is the most promising project of the laboratory of the South Ural State University.

 11. Doctor of Chemical Sciences Ekaterina Bartashevich said that the contents of the components of the new table would no longer be elements, but the bonds between molecules and their agglomerates.

12. In terms of the new classification, halogen, chalcogenic, pnicogenic, tetral link, etc. are distinguished.

13. By force, stability and influence on the properties of a substance, they can be compared with a hydrogen bond.

14. Halogen bonds provide the plasticity of some crystalline materials, and chalcogenic - low-temperature conductivity.

15. The study and systematization of the properties of intermolecular bonds make it possible to reliably predict the composition and properties of substances.

16. One of the main questions of the future table is the question of changing its structure in connection with the discovery of new superheavy elements with more than 100 protons.

17. For example, the distribution of electrons in an oganesson s atom breaks the rules of relativity.

18. In atoms with a large number of protons, electrons move at a speed that is close to the speed of light.

19. According to Einstein’s special theory of relativity, the mass of such elements changes, hence their ability to attract an electron changes.

 20. For this reason, super-heavy elements may not behave like their neighbors in a column.

21. For example, oganesson is in inert gases that are chemically inactive.

22. But calculations show that oganesson is able to exhibit chemical activity.

23. In addition, in such heavy atoms, the normal order of filling energy levels is disrupted.

24. Therefore, in the future, the 139th element may take place right of the 164th.

25.If the table is really completed, then the search for scientists will end.

26. In other case, future generations will be able to see the periodic table in a completely different and more advanced version.

27. The so-called cosmic table of Mendeleyev deserves particular attention, indicating the cosmic origin of each element.

 28. Pay attention to the screen.

 29. In the process of formation of the universe, the formation of elements occurred sequentially from hydrogen.

30. As soon as iron was formed and further synthesis became energetically unprofitable, the core collapsed and the process of the formation of elements continued.

31. Astrophysicists claim that lead and strontium can be formed on many planets due to the capture of neutrons by the mantle of the planets.

32.To form other elements, cosmic rays are needed.

33. I would like to note that gold and platinum are formed in the depths of neutron stars as a result of their collision and the release of matter.

34.On the basis of studying these processes, a cosmic table of the chemical elements that you see on the screen was built.

35. But how can astrophysics open up the future for the periodic table?

36. The study of the cosmic processes of the origin of chemical elements will allow a person to build machines and reactors, to create in them the appropriate conditions and to obtain chemical elements that could never be formed on the Earth in a natural way.

37. One of these reactors is a collider.

38. The periodic table should serve as a cultural asset, a testament to the successes of science achieved both in laboratories and particle accelerators, and at the borders of the unknown in the Universe. Because it represents the organizational principle of the chemical behavior of all elements in the Universe, both already known and not yet discovered.

Адрес публикации: https://www.prodlenka.org/metodicheskie-razrabotki/367132-tekst