Работа, представленная на НПК «Мир на ладони» (Саратов, Гимназия 3)

МУНИЦИПАЛЬНАЯ НАУЧНО-ПРАКТИЧЕСКАЯ КОНФЕРЕНЦИЯ

«МИР НА ЛАДОНИ»

"GREAT RUSSIAN SCIENTISTS AND TEACHERS MUSTAFINS"

Выполнено:

Курская Екатерина 10 «в» класс

Захарова Мария 9 «а» класс

Руководители: Кисельникова А.В., Позднякова О.В.

МАОУ «Лицей №3 им. А.С. Пушкина»

САРАТОВ – 2023

Preface

The Pushkin State Institute of the Russian Language named "heritage" as the word of 2022, according to the university's VKontakte page. In their assessment, the institute's staff used statistical data from Wordstat Yandex, Medialogy and Integrum. At the same time, the authors intentionally excluded words related to political and military topics from the materials. According to Medialogia, more than 1 million messages containing the word "heritage" were published in 2022. "A meaningful analysis of publications shows that the appeal to the historical, scientific and cultural heritage of the country has acquired special significance this year", the experts said, adding that this word was repeatedly heard at major events and holidays, it was pronounced by top officials of the state. "Inherit" literally means "to follow". "We live in a very turbulent time, and right now it seems important to rethink the historical past, with all the mistakes and achievements, in order to understand the path we should follow", the authors of the study noted.

In Russia, 2023 has been declared the year of the teacher. “The personality of the teacher, his emotions, wisdom, warmth, attention, strength of convictions are of enormous importance in the intellectual and moral development of the student. Teachers not only pass on knowledge to students, but also, which is extremely important, form their worldview, value system, literally establish a link between generations. They encourage children to think, arouse their interest in Russian history, in our great culture, help them understand the complexities of the modern world, understand themselves, feel what the soul is for, determine their abilities and talents. All this is extremely important for every child, teenager, especially for high school students who choose their life path. And the fate of our children is the fate of Russia, its future" (V. V. Putin).

The purpose of our project work on the topic "Great scientists of Russia who glorified the Saratov region" is to arouse interest in the heritage of the dynasty of famous chemists and teachers Mustafins; to attract attention to their.scientific discoveries and technological achievements, promote the idea of the value of scientific knowledge among children, expand their horizons and knowledge.

We especially tried to emphasize the fact that these wonderful people had an amazing ability to convey to their students the beauty and significance of chemistry, who had a special pedagogical gift.

The scientific heritage of the Saratov land is rich. This is the homeland of many scientists, whose life, inventions and creativity have become an example of faithful service to the Motherland. Many famous people of our country were born, lived and worked in our beautiful land. Fate scattered them all over the vast country, but they never forgot their small homeland, Saratov.

Two years ago we started studying Chemistry. In the classroom, we got acquainted with the great contribution to the development of chemistry of the outstanding Russian scientists Dmitry Mendeleev, Mikhail Lomonosov, Alexander Butlerov.

Our research project is devoted to the wonderful dynasty of scientists and chemists Mustafins. An important role in our choice played the fact that the head of our project Pozdnyakova O.V. personally knew the younger representative of this glorious dynasty - Dmitry Iskhakovich Mustafin. From 1962 to 1971 they studied in the same class of secondary school No. 42 teaching a number of subjects in English in Saratov. Now it is Gymnasium No. 3

The main purpose of our work was to emphasize the wonderful human qualities of these people, love for their homeland, dedication to their work, devotion to their family, kindness, and sincere respect for people.

Chapter 1. Iskhak Savelievich Mustafin.

1.1 Тhe beginning of a great life journey.

IskhakSavelievich Mustafin (September 3, 1908 - December 1, 1968, Saratov), ​​a Soviet chemist, Doctor of Chemistry, professor at Saratov State University named after N.G. Chernyshevsky, is the ancestor of the dynasty of scientist chemists.

«An outstanding scientist, talented teacher, poet and inventor, a man with a brave heart, unshakable spirit and gentle soul, he can be called - Genius loci - The genius of the place (Saratov), where he lived, worked, fought» (Zahar Gelman, Doctor of Chemical Sciences, Professor, Israel).

The biography of Professor I.S. Mustafin is full of bright events taking part in the history of natural science in the USSR. The future scientist took a great interest in the “great sorceress” of chemistry in the school circle of Osoaviakhim - “Public defense, aviation and chemical construction”.

In 1928 he became a student of the first enrollment in the evening department of the Lenin workers' faculty, after which he entered the chemistry department of Saratov State University.

Since 1931, the life of Isaak Mustafin was forever connected with the chemistry department of SSU. Already the first scientific works of I.S. Mustafin, carried out under the guidance of the famous Leningrad chemist Professor N.A. Orlov, were highly appreciated by the patriarch of Soviet chemists, academician N.D. Zelinsky, who personally visited the laboratory and recommended their research for publication. These works made us talk about Mustafin as a talented researcher.

The war interrupted the scientific activities of the young scientist.Iskhak Mustafin went to the front on June 23, 1941. He served as the head of the chemical service up to 1945.

After returning from the war and defending his Ph.D. thesis, he began to study organic reagents and their compounds for use in analytical chemistry.

Since 1955 I.S. Mustafin headed the Department of Analytical Chemistry at SSU.

The Department of Analytical Chemistry of Saratov University, headed by IS Mustafin, carried out intensive experimental work on the synthesis and search for new effective reagents for inorganic ions.

I.S. Mustafin took an active part in drawing up a rational assortment of organic reagents - the basic law for analytical chemists, as well as in the publication of numerous books in the series "Organic reagents for the determination of inorganic ions". Such an undertaking had no analogies in the scientific literature and was approved by specialists.

1.2 Pedagogical activity.

He carried out several historiographic studies on the life and work of A.N.Vyshnegradskiy, A.N. Popova, L.A. Chugaeva. The fundamental historical and scientific work of IS Mustafin is the book "Essays on the History of Chemistry", which examines the most important events on the way to the accumulation of chemical knowledge and the development of experimental methods for the study of matter. One of the first university professors I.S. Mustafin began to teach a course on history of chemistry, which became an event of university life. He didn't just lecture on the history of chemistry - he lived among the titans of thought. Great scientists shaped the consciousness and worldview of Professor Mustafin, and he was able to convey the light of these people to his students and interlocutors, to each of his readers. This, probably, was one of the main meanings of his truly beautiful and meaningful life. He managed to turn the university lecture course into a real encyclopedia of natural science.

The scientist paid great attention to the issues of natural science education: he read Sunday lectures for high school students of Saratov schools with pleasure, maintained friendly relations with many school teachers who turned to him for help on a variety of issues, introduced into practice "professorial consultations" - the most democratic type of communication of the professor and student.

He believed that the teacher should prepare the ground for students' questions, for their desire to experiment and learn about the world around them. He liked to dwell on those phenomena that give enough reason for surprise and his own searches. Professor Mustafin sincerely wanted to convey his love for chemistry to the people around him, developing the abilities of his students, presenting complex information in a visual memorable form.

His university lectures and appearances on Saratov television revealed a rare talent - he knew how to speak simply and clearly about high science. Until now, different people remember him - those to whom he incredibly simply told about the obvious and not the most obvious events and phenomena of science. He clearly and vividly had an educational vein, which always characterizes a real intellectual.

The Saratov television studio recalls educational programs in chemistry, in which Professor I.S. Mustafin took part. His curious comparisons and witty remarks were remembered for a lifetime. For example, Mustafin argued that “a chemical reaction resembles a play in which all the characters are known, and chemical thermodynamics allows you to look behind the curtains and determine what will become of the heroes of this performance as a result of chemical interaction”. Talking about chemical elements, he likened them to different people, differing from each other in their activity, in the ability and desire to contact each other. He was able to emphasize the main thing, and highlight memorable patterns.

People's Artist of the RSFSR, People's Artist of the Moldavian SSR L.V. Shutova recalls in an article published in the newspaper "REGION 64" (2018, # 69, p. 14): "Professor I. Mustafin's lectures seemed to be real performances with an unpredictable plot, his lectures were perceived as" theater of one actor .

He was a fine connoisseur of theater and painting, an extraordinary lecturer, a man with a brave heart and a gentle soul. When I remember a professor and read books about him, I understand that dedication to creativity, the desire for discoveries makes people of science and people of the theater very similar. Because science and art are two rivers, rushing to the same ocean of creation and creativity".

Сhapter 2. His sons as continuers of the life work of I.S. Mustafin.

A sudden death cut short the life of I.S. Mustafin in December 1968. After the death of the scientist, the publication of his articles, prepared by him in the last years of his life, was continued by his students, colleagues, sons.

The children of Mustafin I.S. Alexander and Dmitry became the successors of their father's work.

2.1 Mustafin Alexander Iskhakovich - Russian chemist (1949 - 2019)

After graduating with honors from the Physics Faculty of Saratov University and postgraduate studies at the branch of the Institute of Chemical Physics of the USSR Academy of Sciences in Chernogolovka, he defended his Ph.D. thesis, worked as an assistant professor at the Saratov Pedagogical Institute, and then at the university, was actively involved in scientific work, read original lectures, shot talented videos, left a rich literary legacy. including the "self-published" magazine "KHIMIKI", in which he shared his thoughts and talked about people who were solving topical scientific issues

A.I. Mustafin studied a new class of paints, which he called immobilized pigments. Immobilization gives pigments a number of original decorative effects - retroreflection, birefringence.

He was one of the first (since 1986) to start working on the use of computers in teaching chemistry, and he did not develop trivial testing programs, but educational and game programs that simulate a physicochemical experiment.

2.2 Dmitry Iskhakovich Mustafin. Titles and regalia.

Dmitry Mustafin, born in 1954 - the youngest son of I.S. Mustafin, Doctor of Chemistry, Professor of the UNESCO Chair "Green Chemistry for Sustainable Development", of the Mendeleev Russian University of Chemical Technology, the author, leading and scientific commentator in a number of popular television programs on Channel One, NTV, Russia 1, TVTs, RenTV, Zvezda, Doverie, M24, federal radio stations. Gave lectures in Italy, Great Britain, USA, Germany, Norway, Sweden, Poland, South Korea. His autobiographical novel “My beloved Russia”, published in the UK in 2004, became a bestseller, was translated into German and published in Germany, and then in Italian in Rome.

 Dmitry, who, having lost his father at the age of 14, retained not only fond memories of his father, but became the successor of his work.He is a Doctor of Chemistry, Professor of the Russian University of Chemical Technology named after D.I. Mendeleev.

2.2 Early years. Career.

He graduated from Secondary School No. 42 (Saratov) with teaching a number of subjects in English with a gold medal. At the age of 10 he starred in the programs of the Saratov television studio, since 1969 he has hosted the weekly popular science TV program "Club under the Sign of the Zodiac" and since 1963 the Sunday radio program "Young Leninist". There are videos in YouTube about his early school activities. After graduating from school in 1971, he entered Saratov State University named after N.G. Chernyshevsky (the Faculty of Chemistry), and then in 1972 - the Faculty of Mechanics and Mathematics. Since 1972 he has simultaneously studied at two faculties.

For special merits in his studies and scientific work he was awarded the Lenin scholarship.

In 1976 he successfully defended his thesis on the topic “Synthesis and study of the interaction of rare earth elements with polyoxybenzoic acids”.

Having received a diploma with honors, in 1976 he started working at the Department of Inorganic Chemistry, Saratov State University.

In 1980 he defended his Ph.D. thesis. Since 1981 he has been working as an assistant professor at the Department of Inorganic Chemistry at Saratov State University. Since 1982 he has been working at the department of general and inorganic chemistry at the Moscow Institute of Chemical Technology named after D.I.Mendeleev.

From 1986 to 1989 he worked at the Department of Physical Chemistry and Electrochemistry of the Milan State University.

From 1992 to 1997 he worked at the International Environmental Research Laboratory "Delta Lab" in Italy and Great Britain.

In 2003 he defended his thesis for the degree of Doctor of Chemical Sciences on the topic "Problems of the solubility of alkali metal sulfates in non-aqueous and mixed solvents."

Since 1982 he has been successfully working in the field of thermodynamics, studying solubility in non-aqueous and mixed solvents.

A special place is occupied by the work of DI Mustafin in the field of the history of science and, in particular, the history of chemistry.

D.I. Mustafin was awarded the honorary titles: "Outstanding Scientist of the 21st Century", "Outstanding Scientist of the World 2005".

In 2007 he was awarded the Honorary title "Honored Worker of Science and Education".

In 2008 he was awarded the diploma "Golden Department" of the series "Golden Fund of National Science".

2.3 Dmitry Mustafin's activities to perpetuate the memory of his father.

On the 11 of September 2018 a solemn presentation of the exhibition dedicated to the life and work of I.S. Mustafin was opened in the assembly hall of the Saratov Regional Museum of Local Lore . The son – Dmitry, started the ceremony.

The exhibition is decorated with a portrait of the scientist made by the famous Soviet artist, People's Artist of the RSFSR, Corresponding Member of the Academy of Arts of the USSR A. P. Vasiliev, who met the scientist-chemist while working at the Saratov Drama Theater in the post-war years. In the portrait Professor I.S. Mustafin is depicted with a bouquet of tulips that cover the Saratov Trans-Volga steppes with multi-colored carpets in spring.

The exhibition presents his documents, personal belongings, photographs from different years, as well as books and articles about the scientist. The materials were provided by the sons of Iskhak Savelievich.

Memorial plaque to the famous Saratov chemist, professor of the Saratov State University named after N.G. Chernyshevsky Iskhak Mustafin was opened on January 14, 2020 in Saratov. The memorial plaque is installed on the facade of the house No. 145 on Rakhov Street, where the scientist lived.

The right to open the memorial plaque was given to Iskhak Mustafin's son Dmitry. The board is made in the shape of a benzene ring. It underlies the structure of many compounds first synthesized and described by the professor. The olive branch on the left symbolizes a grateful memory. On the right side, the shape of an olive branch is repeated by a DNA molecule. At the bottom of the board is a solar crystal, from which both branches emanate. The combination of an olive branch and a DNA branch symbolizes the main idea of ​​Professor Ishak Mustafin about the unity of living and inanimate nature. There is a sign with a QR code under the plaque. Thanks to it, anyone can get more detailed information about the life and scientific activities of a chemist.

Chapter 3.Recognition of the merits of the founder of the dynasty.

“Mustafin Iskhak Salikhovich has become not only a stronghold of the Saratov scientific community, but also the pride of the entire region. With his work, he glorified the region, our city, the state university among the scientists of this world. “I can proudly say that I am a fellow countryman of this person ", - noted in his welcoming speech to the participants of the ceremony, Deputy Minister of Internal Policy and Public Relations of the region Sergey Blazhennov

To these people we owe the undersrtanding of chemistry in the form in which we have it in the present. Without their research, discoveries, there would not be such a rich system of knowledge, there would be no such a progress in industrial production, space exploration, and healthcare. Indeed, even in everyday life, we could not get that comfort, variety and satisfaction from complex devices, clothes, furniture, if not for the discoveries of great chemists.

The feat of our fellow countrymen is an example for future generations.

And we are proud of their names, which have glorified our land in the vastness of the country and the whole world.

And we are immensely grateful to Dmitry Mustafin - son, continuer of his father's work, the keeper of traditions, and also a wonderful talented person. A true son of his father!

Conclusion.

We grieve! Bright memory to Dmitry Iskhakovich!

We cannot say better about his excellent qualities as a teacher and a person than his colleagues. We found it appropriate to quote their words about this outstanding man.

«For many years, he has been lecturing on the history of chemistry at the D.I. Mendeleev Russian University of Chemical Technology. These lectures have always been bright and memorable. He did not just give a detailed definition of chemistry, not only characterized its specifics and place among other natural sciences, did not try to list the most important concepts and models used in the main chemical disciplines in accordance with the university program, but introduced students to the wonderful world of science, captivating stories about chemical transformations, about scientists who unraveled complex tangles of chemical interactions. He had an extraordinary ability to see the fascinating and memorable where others see only dates and complex formulas. He made everyone admire chemistry, talking about science in all the dramatic grandeur of the failures and victories of its creators. Listening to him, the students not only mastered the course on the history of chemistry, but seemed to become wiser and happier».

"Professor D.I. Mustafin was able to make complex scientific constructions understandable and easily digestible. He believed that there are no difficult scientific concepts, there are only difficult and boring expositions. He said that the most difficult thought can be explained in understandable words if the explainer really understands the subject. Often during a live broadcast on radio or on television, during open lectures in the UK and Italy, the professor was asked completely unexpected questions that could stump anyone, but not Dmitry Iskhakovich Mustafin. He was able to find the only way out of any of the most difficult verbal maze, confidently answer the most tricky question and persuade the interlocutor to his side. It gave the impression that you were dealing with a nuclear reactor, in which there is continuous combustion, an unusual accumulation of huge internal energy, the impression of something hidden and powerful."

It's sad that he's not with us. We are glad that he was with us. Professor D.I. Mustafin will remain in the life of everyone who knew him, with his kind deeds, his wise advice, his talented books. He remains in our life thanks to the love that he radiated, making it happier and brighter.

The Sources of Information:

https://www.sgu.ru/sites/default/files/depnews/file/2023/02/proshchalnoe_slovo_docheri_-_sanatko_marii_dmitrievny.pdf

https://www.sgu.ru/structure/chemical/news/2023-02-05/ushyol-iz-zhizni-dmitriy-ishakovich-mustafin

https://www.muctr.ru/news/prochie-novosti/pamyati-dmitriya-mustafina/

https://t.me/blok_museum/1011

https://www.sgu.ru/famous/mustafin

https://vk.com/wall-156524586_4873

http://www.chemnet.ru/rus/jvho/1999-5/115.pdf

https://zemob.ru/index.php/sobytiya/sobytiya-2018/163-genij-mesta-pamyati-sovetskogo-khimika-i-s-mustafina

Адрес публикации: https://www.prodlenka.org/metodicheskie-razrabotki/533092-rabota-predstavlennaja-na-npk-mir-na-ladoni-s