Дидактический материал по теме «Написание сочинения на английском языке»

Написание сочинения на английском языке – это важный этап в обучении языку, который помогает ученикам развивать не только языковые навыки, но и умение структурировать свои мысли. Для того чтобы этот процесс прошел успешно, необходимо использовать разнообразные дидактические материалы, способствующие пониманию, организации и написанию текстов.

Цели дидактических материалов

Дидактические материалы для написания сочинений должны выполнять несколько ключевых задач:

1. Обучение структуре текста: Учащиеся должны знать, как правильно организовать сочинение, обозначив его введение, основную часть и заключение.

2. Развитие словарного запаса: убедиться, что студенты имеют доступ к разнообразной лексике, которую они могут использовать в своих работах.

3. Развитие критического мышления: Поддержка учащихся в анализе тем и формулировании своих аргументов.

В данной статье предлагаю рассмотреть один из вариантов сочинений:

Как писать описательное сочинение о человеке

How to write a descriptive composition about a person

A descriptive composition about a person should consist of:

1. an introduction where you give some brief information about the person (name, time or place you met/saw him or her, how you heard about him/her)

2. a main body where you describe physical appearance, personality, characteristics and hobbies/interests/ everyday activities in separate paragraphs

3. a conclusion which includes your comments and/or feelings about the person.

Such descriptions can be found in articles, letters, witness statements, novels, etc.

Points to consider

1. Each paragraph starts with a topic sentence which introduces the subject of the paragraph. A variety of linking words should be used to connect ideas.

2. To describe physical appearance, details should be given as follows:height/build, age, facial features,hair, clothes, moving from the most general aspects to more specific details

e.g. .Jim is a tall, slim man in his mid- forties. He has a thin face, blue eyes and a big nose. His short hair is greying at the temples. He is usually casually dressed.

3. To describe character and behavior you can support your description with examples.

e.g. Sara is very sociable. She loves going to parties and dances

If you want to mention any negative qualities, use mild language (tends to, seems to, is rather, can occasionally be). Instead of saying Sara is arrogant,it is better to say Sara tends to be rather arrogant.

4. Variety in the use of adjectives will make your description more interesting

e.g. good-natured, well-behaved, gorgeous, etc.

5. Present tenses can be used to describe someone connected to the present (someone you can see every day). Past tenses can be used to describe someone related to the past (someone who is no longer alive)

Mind the structure

Описательные прилагательные

Descriptive adjectives

1. Fill in the table with the words from the list below. Then using words from completed table describe your partner’s physical appearance.

round, oval, slanted, ginger, of medium height, middle-aged, mole, teenaged, curly, blond, tall, wrinkled, thick, balding, just over six foot, tanned, slim, thin, scar, elderly, muscular, in his teens, well-built, in his mid-thirties, overweight, curved, wavy, pale, crooked, freckled, dimples, straight, skinny, beard, shoulder-length, almond-shaped, short, moustache, long-legged, round-shouldered, in his late forties, full, clean-shaven, receding, plump, fattish, dark-skinned, broad -shouldered, stubble, pale-skinned, pregnant, smooth skin, deep-set

1. Add positive and negative character adjectives

optimistic, sensitive, caring, shy, confident, generous, selfish, pessimistic, reliable, flexible, stubborn, unreliable, sincere, impolite, unsociable, irritable, impatient, sociable, patient, easy-going, insensitive, insincere, dull, responsible, cheerful, irresponsible, energetic, hard-working, greedy, arrogant, aggressive, calm, honest, tolerant, self-confident, crazy, lazy, ambitious, nervous, unsure, furious, polite, reserved, outgoing, frank, tactless, persuasive, trustworthy, fussy, mature, hostile, immature, good-natured, friendly, shy, helpful, fair, thick-skinned, short-tempered, knowledgeable

Подбери прилагательные к существительным

Match the following adjectives with nouns below. Some adjectives can be used more than ones.

broad, rosy, clear, bushy, thick, full, upturned, double, hooked, fair, crooked, thin, hollow, deep-set, curly, puffy, clean-shaven, pale, oval, spotty, dark

Правиласоединенияпредложений

Sentences,describing personality characteristics and justifications,can be linked together in different ways:

1.Similar qualities ( both positive or both negative)

e.g. She is kind-hearted. She is cooperative.

- She is kind-hearted and also cooperative,

- She is kind-hearted andcooperativeas well.

- She is kind-hearted as well as (being) cooperative.

- In addition to being kind-hearted, she is alsocooperative.

- She is bothkind-heartedandcooperative.

2. Opposing qualities ( one positive and one negative)

e.g. He is usually well-behaved. He can be naughty at times.

- He is usually well-behaved but can be naughty at times.

- He is usually well-behaved ; in spite of this/ nevertheless/ however, he can be naughty at times.

-Although/In spite of the fact that he is usually well-behaved, he can be naughty at times.

Прочитайстатьюивыполнизадания

Now read the following extract

1. Choose the correct linking words or phrases.

2. List the positive and negative qualities mentioned in the text.

3. Answer the questions: Why do you think there is no description of physical appearance?

… John Simon was an asset to this company and I must say I was sorry to see him go. (Although/However) he was with us for only two years, he rose to the position of supervising manager.

He was a dedicated (also/as well as) enthusiastic employee, full of creative ideas. (But/ in spite of the fact that) he tended to be overbearing at times, he was respected by his colleagues for his genuine leadership abilities. (In addition /Too), he made number of invaluable suggestions which have greatly benefitted the company. He did not hesitate to use his own initiative and displayed excellent judgement.

On the whole, Mr. Simon is a hard-working, conscientious employee whom I consider responsible and trustworthy. Therefore, I have no hesitation in recommending him as candidate for any position he might apply for.

Манерыиманерность

Manner and mannerism

Instead of only using adjectives to describe a person’s character, you can also include examples of the way they speak/smile/ look, etc. in order to give a clearer picture and to make the description more lively

Although the adjectives kind and affectionate could be used to describe the person, giving examples of mannerism makes the description more vivid.

e.g. His blue eyes light up whenever he sees his grandchild.

• Read the following descriptions and say which quality each one describes

1. When little Tommy wants a new toy, he screams until his parents buy it for him

2. John tends to stand by himself at parties and hardly ever meets anyone’s eye.

3. When Anny listens to sad music her eyes fill with tears.

4. Whenever he received bad news, John would remain quite still and expressionless.

5. Little Jane makes a face and sticks out her tongue each time she wants to show she doesn’t approve of someone.

6. Whenever someone disagrees with Tim, he gets red in face and shouts until he gets his own way.

7. Jim is always ready with a smile and a good joke. I’ve never seen him cross and sad.

Прочитайобразецсочинения

Now you read the model composition

Answer the following questions:

1. In which paragraph does the write describe Mavis’s personality?

2. Which phrases describe manner/ mannerism?

3. What are the author’s feelings about Mavis?

Повествовательныетехники

Narrative techniques

Narrative techniques (use of direct speech, weather description, use of dramatic language, to create mystery/suspense, reference to feelings/ moods, etc.) can be used when describing people. This will make your composition more interesting to the reader.

Now read the following models

Answer the questions:

1. Which model is purely descriptive?

2. Which model includes narrative techniques?

MODEL AMODELB

Опиши следующие темы в соответствующем стиле

Write any of the topics below in the appropriate style using 120-180 words.

1. Your teacher has asked you to write a description of your favourite classmate. Write your description for your teacher.

2. A popular children’s TV programme has asked its viewers to send in a description of a relative of theirs, commenting on how this person has influenced them positively or negatively. The best presentation will win a prize. Write your entry for the competition.

3. Your teacher has asked you to write a composition describing the person from history you most. Write your description for your teacher.

Подходы к использованию дидактических материалов

• Групповая работа: Студенты могут делиться мнениями и идеями, используя дидактические материалы для совместного написания сочинений. Это развивает командный дух и умение слушать других.

• Индивидуальные задания: после групповой работы учащиеся могут самостоятельно написать свои сочинения, используя подручные материалы и шаблоны, чтобы закрепить полученные знания.

• Обратная связь: Организация процесса обратной связи, где учащиеся могут получать комментарии от преподавателя или одноклассников, помогает улучшать навыки написания.

Заключение

Дидактические материалы для написания сочинений на английском языке играют важную роль в образовательном процессе. Они не только помогают учащимся структурировать свои мысли и формулировать идеи, но и развивают их навыки владения языком. Использование разнообразных материалов и методов обучения позволяет создать атмосферу, способствующую улучшению навыков письма и критического мышления.

Адрес публикации: https://www.prodlenka.org/metodicheskie-razrabotki/623070-didakticheskij-material-po-teme-napisanie-soc