Использование фразовых глаголов в медицине

Пояснительная записка.

Цель данного пособия – показать, чем отличается значения фразовых глаголов общих от медицинских. Фразовые глаголы — изюминка английского языка. Изучая английский, многие испытывают трудности в освоении фразовых глаголов. Дело в том, что они умеют быстро и неожиданно менять свои значения и их очень много. Особенно часто фразовых глаголы они встречаются в разговорном английском. Фразовые глаголы представляют собой практически бесчисленную группу глаголов, которые в сочетании с различными предлогами или короткими наречиями могут принимать разнообразные новые значения. В строгом смысле, существует три вида фразовых глаголов: Непосредственно фразовые глаголы (phrasal verbs), образованные с помощью наречий:

give up — сдаваться, прекращать

find out — выяснить, узнать

take off — взлететь, быстро уйти

Предложные глаголы (prepositional verbs):

go on — продолжать

look after — заботиться, присматривать

come across — наткнуться, случайно найти

Фразово-предложные глаголы (phrasal-prepositional verbs), содержащие и наречие, и предлог:

put up with — терпеть, мириться с чем-либо

come up with — придумывать

look up to — уважать, брать пример

Phrasal verbs have their own special uses in the medical workplace. This phrasal verb study can help you medical Magooshers prepare not only for the test, but also for your future hospital work.

As you might have already realized, medicine is more emotional and dramatic than many other professions. Because of this, there’s a lot of nuance (small and important details) in how words should be used in different situations.

“Set up” in the medical profession

The use of “set up” in medicine is a lot like the use of “set up” in other workplace settings. “Set up” means to arrange something or physically put something together.

Rounds—the activity of visiting and talking to different patients—can be set up as well as carried out. To set up a round is to arrange a schedule that determines which doctor or nurse will visit the patients on certain days. Setting up a schedule usually also involves deciding the timetables of patient visits—how long each patient visit will take, which patients are seen first and last, that sort of thing.

Heavy medical equipment with multiple parts is said to be set up. An ultrasound or x-ray must be set up before they can be used on a patient. And an IV, feeding tube, or other invasive medical device would certainly be set up—they involve the carful combination of different machine parts with human body parts.

A medical procedure that has to be done only under specific physical conditions is set up. Surgeries are set up when surgical tools are arranged in a room, all participants sanitize their hands and put on gloves, and the patient is put to sleep with sedative medicine. In a less complex example, you could also say that a blood pressure measurement is “set up,” because you need to have the patient roll up his or her sleeve, and then you need to strap on the blood pressure arm cuff, fill it with air, release the air, and watch the meter.
 

“Point out” in the medical profession

“Point out” can be used to draw attention to information, as in “I’d like to point out that the patient took this medicine before, and it didn’t help.” This phrase can also be used to point attention to something physical, as in “let me point out the fracture on the rib, here in the x-ray.”

When it’s used to draw attention to a piece of information, “point out” has a forceful connotation. Use of the phrase suggests authority, and may even suggest that you’re annoyed that no one has seemed to notice the piece of information you are now mentioning.

Because of this, in medical settings “point out” is often used by people in management. Lead doctors or head nurses will point out information to lower-ranking medical staff. A doctor may point out that nurse forgot to visit every patient on her rounds, or a nurse may point out that a nurse’s assistant forgot to properly wash their hands before working with a patient. You’d only want to use “point out” with a colleague in an urgent or serious situation, and you wouldn’t want to “point out” information to your boss in a clinic or hospital.

“Point out” has a more neutral connotation when it’s used to draw attention to something physical. It’s perfectly polite to point out a physical object or feature to your boss, your colleagues, people you supervise, or patients. You can point out an irregularity in a vital sign such as a patient’s heartbeat. Often, you will also ask patients to point out things on their bodies, pointing out a spot where they feel pain or have a lump for example.
 

“Go on” in medical English

In hospital and clinical contexts, “go on” is a gentle way of asking someone to continue with what they’re saying. “Go on” is especially useful when you want to encourage a patient to give you more information about their situation. Often patients may have trouble describing their symptoms. They may feel very tired, pained or afraid as they struggle to explain an illness or injury. Telling the patient to “go on” in a soothing but firm voice can help a patient to give you all the info you need.

“Go on” can also work with medical co-workers who are distraught. Treating the sick and injured carries its own emotional burdens. You can use this phrase as a reassuring way to tell your co-workers that you know they’re upset, but you still need a little more information in order to help their patient.

“Go on” can also be used in a narrative sense—it’s a common phrase in descriptions of medical events and timelines of patient treatment. In its past tense form “went on,” this phrase is used in medical reporting and in spoken explanations of past treatments. You could say, for instance, that a patient complained of aches and pains, and that you went on to take the patient’s temperature, and then later went on to prescribe fever medicine to the patient (or perhaps went on to admit the patient into the hospital).

“Carry out” in medical English

The phrasal verb “carry out” suggests the completion of a task that is either difficult or takes time. In medical settings, this often refers to a serious medical procedure. You can talk about surgeons carrying out an operation such as an appendectomy or the removal of a brain tumor. Biopsies and medical lab tests are carried out too, as they involve intense scientific analysis of specimens.

“Carry out” also refers to planned treatments that take time. In this case, either a medical professional or a patient might carry out the treatments; it depends on the type of treatment. A doctor might carry out a series of electroconvulsive treatments (ECT) on a patient suffering from neurological problems. Because patients themselves don’t actively participate in ECT (and are usually not even conscious during ECT), only the doctor would carry ECT out.

However, many longer treatments require active participation from both patients and medical professionals. If a nurse is helping a patient with long-term physical therapy, you could say that either the nurse or patient are carrying out the physical therapy.

“Carry out” is also often used in medicine to describe the routine habitual duties of medical professionals. When someone says that a doctor or nurse is “carrying out rounds,” it means they are walking around to speak to each of their patients. And a pharmacist could be said to carry out prescriptions for the day, since filling prescriptions for patients involves repeated actions—reading the doctor’s order, filling bottles and bags with medicine, and giving the medicine to the patients.
 

Список литературы.

Macmillan English dictionary for advance learners, international student edition 2007

Longman dictionary English language and culture. 2002/

Англо-русский словарь: ок. 60000 слов и выражений. Серия «Классика». Репритное издание.- М. Млист Нью, 2004

Адрес публикации: https://www.prodlenka.org/metodicheskie-razrabotki/343183-ispolzovanie-frazovyh-glagolov-v-medicine