Урок английского языка по теме Natural disasters: развитие лексики и языковой компетенции

МБОУ «Ордена Дружбы народов гимназия №3 им. А.М. Горького»

городского округа город Уфа

Методическая разработка урока английского языка

по теме “Natural disasters”

«Звездный английский» 8 класс

учителя высшей категории

Гафуровой Лиды Миниахметовны

2019

Аспекты урока

Тема урока:Natural Disasters.

Оборудование:  компьютер, интерактивная доска, фотографии

Ходурока:

- Good morning dear pupils. I am glad to see you. How are you? I see you are fine, so we can start our lesson. Today we shall continue working with the Module devoted to “Breaking news”. Looking at the blackboard, can you guess the topic of our today’s lesson? (надоскефотографиисизображениемприродныхкатаклизм). You are right, we shall talk about natural disasters.

- So, what is a natural disaster? (A natural disaster is bad consequences of natural phenomenon. A natural disaster is some terrific weather conditions such as storm, shower, earthquake, avalanche, which bring a lot of damage to buildings, wildlife and people)

- What can cause them? (The changes in climate, the meeting of cold and warm air in the atmosphere, the movement of tectonic plates and so on)

- Have you ever been an eyewitness of a natural disaster? What did you feel at that moment?

- How do we call a long period of time without rain? (drought)

- How do we call a disaster when a large amount of water covers an area which is usually dry? (flood)

- What is tornado? (a violent wind storm which consists of a tall column of air spinning around very fast)

- How is a huge wave caused by an earthquake which flows onto land called? (tsunami)

- What is an earthquake? (a sudden rapid shaking of the ground)

- What is an avalanche? (a large mass of snow falling down the side of a mountain)

- How do we call an extremely violent wind or storm? (hurricane)

- Right, thank you. I suggest starting with your hometask. You were to prepare projectsabout natural disasters. Whowantstostart? (2-3 ученика демонстрируют проекты по теме на интерактивной доске)

Примерыдокладов:

Earthquakes

A n Earthquake is the shaking of the earth’s surface caused by rapid movement of the earth’s rocky outer layer. The sudden shaking of the ground that occurs when masses of rock change position below the Earth’s surface is called an earthquake. The shifting masses send out shock waves that may be powerful enough to alter the surface of the Earth, thrusting up cliffs and opening great cracks in the ground. Earthquakes, called temblors by scientists, occur almost continuously. Fortunately, most of them can be detected only by sensitive instruments called seismographs. Others are felt as small tremors. Some of the rest, however, cause major catastrophes. They produce such tragic and dramatic effects as destroyed cities, broken dams, earth slides, giant sea waves called tsunamis, and volcanic eruptions. A very great earthquake usually occurs at least once a year in some part of the world. On the average about 10,000 people die each year as a result of earthquakes. According to a study carried out by the United Nations and covering the years 1926 to 1950, there were 350,000 deaths, and property damage losses exceeded 10 billion dollars. As cities expand to shelter a rapidly increasing world population, it is likely that there will be even greater losses of life and property in spite of improved methods of detection and better warning systems.

Floods
A flood is a body of water that covers land which is normally dry. Floods are common natural disasters that can affect millions of people around the world. They destroy houses and buildings, and carry soil away from valuable farming land.  Floods can also contaminatedrinking water and lead to diseases. They are often caused by rivers, but overflowing lakes and seas can also cause flooding. Flooding has always been a part human history. Many ancient civilizations developed along waterways and rivers because people needed water for their fields. At least once a year the plains around large rivers are flooded. This is due to the amount of water that rivers bring with them, because of heavy rainfall or melting snow in the mountainous regions. Thunderstorms can cause flash floods, in which small rivers can swell quickly and carry up to ten times the normal amount of water.

R ivers that flow slowly carry water, sand and silt. They build up their own beds, making them higher than the land around them. The Huang He, or Yellow River,  in China and the Mississippi in North America are examples for such rivers. Flooding here builds up slowly but causes more damage because more land is affected. Coastal regions can also be affected by flooding. After earthquakes on the ocean floor tsunamis can bring up to 15-metre high waves and flood the coast many miles inland.  In 2004, a devastating tsunami in the Indian Ocean killed over 250,000 people in Indonesia, Sri Lanka, Thailand and other countries. Floods are also caused by humans. Trees and plants normally help absorb too much water. When forests are cut or burned down, water from rainfall flows down barren land and produces mudslides. Too much water pressure on dams can lead to cracks in the concrete or even cause a dam to break completely.

- Thank you very much, well done. The damages as we see are enormous. By the way, there are people who help others during disasters, we call them emergency workers. Do you think their job is dangerous? What qualities should they possess? Would you like to have such kind of job? Let’s play out dialoguesbetween a reporter and an emergency worker talking about natural disasters, work in pairs, be ready in 3 minutes, please.

Примердиалога:

Excuse me, my name is Mary Johnson, I am a reporter of the local newspaper “Times”. Could you tell us some words about the current situation? What do the forecasters say about the week’s weather?

There is a chance for an earthquake in our area, which is not good at all.

Yes, it’s not for the first time. Our area is prone to earthquakes. When was the last time we had one?

Last year, but the shakes were minor. Most people didn’t even feel them. Only those who live in block of flats did.

I see. So what do they say? Is it going to be stronger?

Unfortunately, it is. But let’s hope it won’t cause any destruction.

Yes, amin. Do you like your profession?

I do, I think I was born to be an emergency worker. I have always tried to help people in everything.

What qualities must an emergency worker have?

Well, he should be physically fit and strong, adaptable, he should stay calm in stressful situations, he should have organizational skills and the like.

Thank you very much. Let’s hope for the best. Good luck!

- Well, thank you. By the way, do you know the places where the natural disasters happen most of all? (heat in Europe, earthquakes in Iran, Pakistan China, tsunami in the Indian Ocean, Volcanic eruption in Iceland, fires in Russia, etc).

- Has anyone of you heard about Hurricane Katrina? I suggest reading the text about it. Open your books on page 12, we can see the text and the box with unfamiliar words under it. Let’s read them and write down into your vocabularies.

- Now let’s get down to the text. Who wants to read the task?

- Thank you, does anybody want to retell the text? (2 ученика пересказывают текст)

- Good. Do you wonder how much a hurricane can weigh? Let’s listen to the interview with a specialist of National Centre for Atmospheric Research and find it out. (включаетсяаудиозапись)

Текстаудиозаписи “How Much Does A Hurricane Weigh?”

ARI SHAPIRO: And now for something that is made offshore: hurricanes. Of course, this is hurricane season, so we watch them, track them, worry about them - but here's something that we haven't done just yet: weigh them. Here with his scale is NPR science correspondent Robert Krulwich.

ROBERT KRULWICH: I know this is an odd question, so I wanted to ask the right guy.

Mr. ANDY HEYMSFIELD (National Center for Atmospheric Research): I'm a senior scientist at National Center for Atmospheric Research. I've been here almost 35 years and my field has to do with clouds.

KRULWICH: So as a distinguished cloud scientist, I wondered if Andy Heymsfield could tell me how much does a hurricane weigh? Meaning, if you could freeze a hurricane just for an instant, how many pounds of water does a classic hurricane carry in the air?

Mr. HEYMSFIELD: It's very, very big.

KRULWICH: Well, I figured. But Andy said you’re going to be so surprised how much water is up there, maybe we should do this in smaller steps. Let's start, he said, with...

Mr. HEYMSFIELD: A little cloud.

KRULWICH: Okay. How much water is in a little white, you know, puffy cloud? And he said...

Mr. HEYMSFIELD: To put those numbers into perspective, what I did was I went through modeling calculations.

KRULWICH: And rather than use pounds, Andy says he prefers to measure clouds using units of water that are elephant sized. I said why elephants?

Mr. HEYMSFIELD: Because it's something that one can immediately imagine. And you know also, elephants suck up a lot of water. (Soundbite of laughter)
Mr. HEYMSFIELD: And store that. And so just think of them as a big water balloon.

KRULWICH: Okay.

Mr. HEYMSFIELD: And now I'm going to put everything in elephant units.

KRULWICH: Okay. So you tell me, please, if an elephant weighs roughly four tons, how many elephant weights of water are there in a little cloud?

Mr. HEYMSFIELD: A hundred elephants.

KRULWICH: A hundred elephants. In a baby cloud? You sure?

Mr. HEYMSFIELD: A very small little puffy cloud.

KRULWICH: Because a little cloud doesnt look big enough to carry that kind of weight.

Mr. HEYMSFIELD: Well, I think the dimensions are somewhat deceiving.

KRULWICH: Clouds, he says, look small when youre down on the ground, but very often they are much bigger than you think.

Mr. HEYMSFIELD: Yeah. The dimensions are very large. And this is just a small little puffy cumulus cloud.

KRULWICH: Well, let's do it bigger. Let's step it up. Let's make it a storm cloud.

Mr. HEYMSFIELD: Well, how about a cumula-nimbus? (Soundbite of hurricane)
KRULWICH: A cumula-nimbus cloud is so heavy with water that just the uptake of vapor...

KRULWICH: The updrafts entering into that cloud would be equivalent to 500 elephants a second. (Soundbite of laughter)
KRULWICH: So the cloud is absorbing 500...

Mr. HEYMSFIELD: Yeah.

KRULWICH: ...elephants a seconds of water as it...

Mr. HEYMSFIELD: That's right. And that’s...

KRULWICH: And you have to think of clouds as dynamic. They pull things in and they shed things out all the time.

Mr. HEYMSFIELD: That's right.

KRULWICH: So then how many elephant units of water are there in a storm - a regular storm cloud?

Mr. HEYMSFIELD: We are talking a huge number.

KRULWICH: What is it?

Mr. HEYMSFIELD: Something like 15 million elephants in the air in condensed form.

KRULWICH: Gee.

Mr. HEYMSFIELD: It's very, very big.

KRULWICH:Okay.So now we're ready for hurricanes. I guess they're completely off the charts?

Mr. HEYMSFIELD: The scale is just unimaginable, how big these storms are.

KRULWICH: Okay. So did you choose a particular hurricane?

Mr. HEYMSFIELD: I took a large hurricane - Hurricane Rita - that was 2005.

KRULWICH: In Houston. And the number you got?

Mr. HEYMSFIELD: Okay. About 100 million. (Soundbite of thunder)
KRULWICH: So Hurricane Rita carried 100 million elephants worth of water, that's the weight, just floating in the sky...

Mr. HEYMSFIELD: In the air. Yeah. Yeah...

KRULWICH: ...worth of water.

Mr. HEYMSFIELD: ...at a given time. Yeah. That's right.

KRULWICH: So the lesson here is what a hurricane really does is it lifts enormous amounts of water from one part of the Earth to another.

Mr. HEYMSFIELD: It is doing very heavy lifting.

KRULWICH: And if anything, we have understated the grandeur of all this, because had we used the usual animal metaphor for rain, you know the one?

Mr. HEYMSFIELD: Yes, raining cats and dogs.

KRULWICH: In cat and dog units, the hurricane would carry - go ahead.

Mr. HEYMSFIELD: Let's see, 10 - 20 billion cats and 20 billion dogs. That's a lot of them.

KRULWICH: That's a lot of hurricane.

Mr. HEYMSFIELD: More cats and more dogs than there are in the planet.

KRULWICH: Robert Krulwich, NPR News.

- Answer my questions, please.

1. What is there people haven’t done with the hurricanes yet? (weigh them)

2. Who is Mr. Andy Hyemsfield? (specialist, senior scientist at National Center for Atmospheric Research)

3. What did the correspondent want to know about hurricanes? (how much they weigh)

4. What modeling situation did the specialist choose to explain it? (heprefers to measure clouds using units of water that are elephant sized)

5. Why elephants? (Because it's something that one can immediately imagine. And we know also, elephants suck up a lot of water and store it)

6. If an elephant weighs roughly four tons, how many elephant weights of water are there in a little cloud? (A hundred elephants.)

7. How many elephant units of water are there in a storm - a regular storm cloud? (Something like 15 million elephants in the air in condensed form.)

8. What does Mr. Heymsfield say about the weigh of the hurricanes? (He says the scale is just unimaginable, how big these storms are)

9. What did he say about Hurricane Rita? (Hurricane Rita carried 100 million elephants worth of water, that's the weight, just floating in the sky...)

10. Why did the correspondent remind about cats and dogs? (Because when it rains heavily, they are used to say the proverb “It rains cats and dogs” and in cats and dogs units the hurricane would carry 10 - 20 billion cats and 20 billion dogs.)

Thank you very much. Did you like the interview? Was it an interesting point of view?

Are you tired? How about solving a crossword? (каждомуученикураздаютсякарточкискроссвордом). Start doing, please, and let’s check the answers in 2 minutes.

A cross:

1. a very strong wind in west Atlantic

3. tidal wave

4. a large amount of water spread from a river, sea etc. that covers an area that is normally dry

6. a very bad event, causing harm or death

8. move somebody from a dangerous place

9. a long period without rain

Down:

2. a sudden violent movement of the ground

3. a strong wind that blows in a circle

5. hot liquid rock

7. (of a volcano) to explode and throw out fire, lava, smoke etc.

Answers:

Across : 1. Hurricane, 3. Tsunami, 4. Flood, 6. Disaster, 8. Evacuate, 9. Drought

Down: 2. Earthquake, 3. Tornado, 5. Lava, 7. Erupt

Адрес публикации: https://www.prodlenka.org/metodicheskie-razrabotki/381976-razrabotka-uroka