Тексты для чтения по теме «Клонирование»

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Cloning is the process of creating a copy ______ of a single cell or an entire living organism. Each cloneBears _________the same sets of ___genetic material ______in the nucleus of every cell. An individual produced from such process is known as a clone of the ____ original organism

Cloning, as a, has shown itself to the general public as a scientific concept technique that can be done with ease and relative success, since it accomplished the cloning of the Dolly, the sheep in 1997.

Nucleus – ядра

ease and relative success -легкостьиотносительныйуспех

accomplish – выполнять

Pros of Cloning

1. It can help prevent the extinction of species

As many organisms in the planet approach endangerment and extinction, cloning appears to be a possible solution to restore populations. By utilizing the genetic material of already dead organisms, cloning can even contribute to expanding the diversity of gene pools

approach endangerment and extinction -приближениеквымиранию

restore – восстановить

utilize– использовать

contribute – способствовать

expand-расширять

diversity of gene pools -разнообразиегенофондов

Cons of Cloning

The process is not entirely safe and accurate

Despite being genetically identical with each other, clones will not be the same regarding behavioral attributes. Aside from that, their similarities regarding physical appearance are not guaranteed.

Regarding - относительно

behavioral attributes –поведенческиеособенности

similarities–сходство

It can help increase food production

Another major advantage of cloning is that it can serve as a means to increase agricultural production, particularly livestock and fresh produce. By manipulating their biological processes, existing traits of interest are ensured with the absence of the genetic “lottery” and random arrangements in the genes during meiosis.

• During cloning, the gene of interest, as well as the organism bearing that gene of interest, is replicated faster than those undergoing the natural process.

• Because of this, the number of organisms produced at a given time also increases.

 It is regarded as unethical, and the probability of abuse is very high

One of the strongest arguments against cloning is about its ethical concerns. Aside from the idea of manipulating living organisms, critics say that the mere process of clone production requires the exploitation of life.

• In the case of Dolly the sheep, more than 277 attempts were conducted before a viable clone was produced. This only suggests that if humans were to be cloned, scientists need to conduct numerous “failed” attempts.

• With that, critics highly believe that it would be unethical to clone humans unless these problems become known and be resolved at a level of certainty.

The offspring lack genetic uniqueness

Majority of the concerns against cloning are based on the absence of unique nuclear DNA in the child’s genome. However, as mentioned above, the notion that cloning would only result in the absence of genetic uniqueness would no longer be justifiable, assuming that the procedures are conducted safely.

• Again, the process of cloning still needs further studies.

It is not yet fully-developed

To date, many scientists will agree that the process of cloning is not yet fully developed to be used as a way to promote the conservation of species. In fact, some researchers do not even acknowledge cloning as it fails to recognize the main drivers of extinction in the first place: the destruction of habitats and hunting.

• Critics also argue that even if cloning could help in desperate times, present techniques to execute these goals are deemed to be ineffective to make a difference.

It can help couples who want to have children

Last but not the least is the use of cloning as a means to produce children for infertile and same-sex couples. Normally, couples would want to have children that are biologically theirs. Interestingly, the genetic manipulations to be done could now be targeted at giving the children the genetic traits of both of their parents.

• Children can now be produced even without donor eggs or donor sperms. Same-sex couples would only need a “surrogate” parent to carry the clone until its birth.

• Scientists who support this method believe that it would become justifiable for these couples to reproduce in this method, assuming the procedures could be done safely.

Адрес публикации: https://www.prodlenka.org/metodicheskie-razrabotki/530684-teksty-dlja-chtenija-po-teme-klonirovanie