Методическая разработка по теме «Экотуризм» в формате ЕГЭ

Text

Tasks

Ecotourism (by Linda Baxter)

Imagine the scene. You’re sitting in the hot sunshine beside the swimming pool of your international luxury hotel. In front of you is the beach, reserved for hotel guests with motor boats for hire. Behind you is an 18-hole golf course, which was cleared from the native forest and is kept green by hundreds of water sprinklers. Around the hotel are familiar international restaurant chains and the same shops that you have at home. You’ve seen some local people – some of them sell local handicrafts outside the hotel. You bought a small wooden statue and after arguing for half an hour you paid only a quarter of what the man was asking. Really cheap!

Is this your idea of heaven or would you prefer something different?

Nowadays, many of us try to live in a way that will damage the environment as little as possible. We recycle our newspapers and bottles, we take public transport to get to work, we try to buy locally produced fruit and vegetables and we stopped using aerosol sprays years ago. And we want to take these attitudes on holiday with us. This is why alternative forms of tourism are becoming more popular all over the world.

But what is ecotourism?

There are lots of names for these new forms of tourism: responsible tourism, alternative tourism, sustainable tourism, nature tourism, adventure tourism, educational tourism and more. Ecotourism probably involves a little of all of them. Everyone has a different definition but most people agree that ecotourism must:

• conserve the wildlife and culture of the area

• benefit the local people and involve the local community

• be sustainable, that is make a profit without destroying natural resources

• provide an experience that tourists want to pay for.

So, for example, in a true ecotourism project, a nature reserve allows a small number of tourists to visit its rare animals and uses the money that is generated to continue with important conservation work. The local people have jobs in the nature reserve as guides and wardens, but also have a voice in how the project develops. Tourists stay in local houses with local people, not in specially built hotels. So they experience the local culture and do not take precious energy and water away from the local population. They travel on foot, by boat, bicycle or elephant so that there is no pollution. And they have a special experience that they will remember all of their lives.

This type of tourism can involve only small numbers of people so it can be expensive. But you can apply the principles of ecotourism wherever you go for your holiday. Just remember these basic rules.

• Be prepared. Learn about the place that you’re going to visit. Find out about its culture and history. Learn a little of the native language, at least basics like ‘please’, ‘thank you’, and ‘good morning’. Think of your holiday as an opportunity to learn something.

• Have respect for local culture. Wear clothes that will not offend people. Always ask permission before you take a photograph. Remember that you are a visitor.

• Don’t waste resources. If the area doesn’t have much water, don’t take two showers every day.

• Remember the phrase: ‘Leave nothing behind you except footprints and take nothing away except photographs.’ Take as much care of the places that you visit as you take of your own home. Don’t buy souvenirs made from endangered animals or plants.

• Walk or use other non-polluting forms of transport whenever you can.

• Be flexible and keep a sense of humour when things go wrong.

• Stay in local hotels and eat in local restaurants. Buy local products whenever possible and pay a fair price for what you buy.

• Choose your holiday carefully. Don’t be afraid to ask the holiday company about what they do that is ‘eco’. Remember that ‘eco’ is very fashionable today and a lot of holidays that are advertised as ecotourism are not much better than traditional tourism.

But before you get too enthusiastic, think about how you are going to get to your dream ‘eco’ paradise. Flying is one of the biggest man-made sources of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere. Friends of the Earth say that one return flight from London to Miami puts as much carbon dioxide into the atmosphere as the average British car driver produces in a year. So don’t forget that you don’t have to fly to exotic locations for your ‘eco’ holiday. There are probably places of natural beauty and interest in your own country that you’ve never visited.

Task 1

What other names of ecotourism are given in the text?

Can you comment on how you understand these definitions?

What are the basic ideas of ecotourism?

Is it right that ecotourism is not meant for big numbers of tourists? Why?

What is the role of local people in ecotourism?

In the text there are basic rules how to apply an eco-friendly attitude to any holiday. Can you rate them on a scale from one to eight according to their importance.

Ecotourism (by Linda Baxter)

Imagine the scene. You’re sitting in the hot sunshine beside the swimming pool of your international luxury hotel. In front of you is the beach, reserved for hotel guests with motor boats for hire. Behind you is an 18-hole golf course, which was cleared from the native forest and is kept green by hundreds of water sprinklers. Around the hotel are familiar international restaurant chains and the same shops that you have at home. You’ve seen some local people – some of them sell local handicrafts outside the hotel. You bought a small wooden statue and after arguing for half an hour you paid only a quarter of what the man was asking. Really cheap!

Is this your idea of heaven or would you prefer something different?

Nowadays, many of us try to live in a way that will damage the environment as little as possible. We recycle our newspapers and bottles, we take public transport to get to work, we try to buy locally produced fruit and vegetables and we stopped using aerosol sprays years ago. And we want to take these attitudes on holiday with us. This is why alternative forms of tourism are becoming more popular all over the world.

But what is ecotourism?

There are lots of names for these new forms of tourism: responsible tourism, alternative tourism, sustainable tourism, nature tourism, adventure tourism, educational tourism and more. Ecotourism probably involves a little of all of them. Everyone has a different definition but most people agree that ecotourism must:

• conserve the wildlife and culture of the area

• benefit the local people and involve the local community

• be sustainable, that is make a profit without destroying natural resources

• provide an experience that tourists want to pay for.

So, for example, in a true ecotourism project, a nature reserve allows a small number of tourists to visit its rare animals and uses the money that is generated to continue with important conservation work. The local people have jobs in the nature reserve as guides and wardens, but also have a voice in how the project develops. Tourists stay in local houses with local people, not in specially built hotels. So they experience the local culture and do not take precious energy and water away from the local population. They travel on foot, by boat, bicycle or elephant so that there is no pollution. And they have a special experience that they will remember all of their lives.

This type of tourism can involve only small numbers of people so it can be expensive. But you can apply the principles of ecotourism wherever you go for your holiday. Just remember these basic rules.

• Be prepared. Learn about the place that you’re going to visit. Find out about its culture and history. Learn a little of the native language, at least basics like ‘please’, ‘thank you’, and ‘good morning’. Think of your holiday as an opportunity to learn something.

• Have respect for local culture. Wear clothes that will not offend people. Always ask permission before you take a photograph. Remember that you are a visitor.

• Don’t waste resources. If the area doesn’t have much water, don’t take two showers every day.

• Remember the phrase: ‘Leave nothing behind you except footprints and take nothing away except photographs.’ Take as much care of the places that you visit as you take of your own home. Don’t buy souvenirs made from endangered animals or plants.

• Walk or use other non-polluting forms of transport whenever you can.

• Be flexible and keep a sense of humour when things go wrong.

• Stay in local hotels and eat in local restaurants. Buy local products whenever possible and pay a fair price for what you buy.

• Choose your holiday carefully. Don’t be afraid to ask the holiday company about what they do that is ‘eco’. Remember that ‘eco’ is very fashionable today and a lot of holidays that are advertised as ecotourism are not much better than traditional tourism.

But before you get too enthusiastic, think about how you are going to get to your dream ‘eco’ paradise. Flying is one of the biggest man-made sources of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere. Friends of the Earth say that one return flight from London to Miami puts as much carbon dioxide into the atmosphere as the average British car driver produces in a year. So don’t forget that you don’t have to fly to exotic locations for your ‘eco’ holiday. There are probably places of natural beauty and interest in your own country that you’ve never visited.

Task 2. Find in the text English equivalents to the following phrases:

1. Как можно меньше вредить окружающей среде

2. Перерабатывать бумагу и бутылки

3. Покупать местные фрукты и овощи

1. Сохранять дикую природу и местную культуру

2. Приносить пользу местным жителям

3. Быть разумным и рациональным

4. Получать выгоду и сохранять природные ресурсы

5. Предлагать привлекательный туристический продукт

6. Природный заповедник

7. Продолжать работу по сохранению природы

8. Иметь право голоса

9. Останавливаться в домах местных жителей

10. Изучать местную культуру

11. Получить опыт на всю жизнь

12. Уважать местных жителей

13. Не обижать людей

14. Не растрачивать ресурсы

15. Не покупать сувениры, изготовленные из вымирающих животных и редких растений

16. Использовать экологичные виды транспорта

17. Быть гибким

18. Платить честную цену

Beginning

Ending

1. To damage the environment

2. To recycle

3. to buy locally produced

4. to conserve

5. to benefit the local

6. to involve

7. to be

8. to make a profit

9. to provide an experience

10. a nature

11. to continue with

12. to have a

13. to stay in local

14. to experience

15. to have a special experience

16. To have respect

17. not to offend

18. not to waste

19. not to buy souvenirs

20. To use other

21. To be

22. To pay

a) fruit and vegetables

b) people

c) sustainable

d) that tourists want to pay for

e) important conservation work

f) as little as possible

g) houses with local people

h) the wildlife and culture of the area

i) newspapers and bottles

j) that they will remember all of their lives.

k) for local culture

l) the local community

m) reserve

n) without destroying natural resources

o) voice in

p) made from endangered animals or plants.

q) flexible

r) the local culture

s) a fair price for

t) non-polluting forms of transport

u) resources

v) people

climbing, snowboarding, hiking around the legendary routes, cycling, diving, rafting, kayaking, sailing, swimming, fishing, feasting one’s eyes upon blossoming flowers, collecting healing herbs, horse riding, participating in cultural events, skating, mountain skiing, riding Russian three horses (“troika”), driving snowmobiles, winter fishing, housekeeping, taking care of one’s own house and animals, trekking, diving, photo safari, bird watching, heli-skiing, performing whale and dolphin shows, swimming with dolphins, elephant-riding, tiger selfies

Traditional tourism

Genuine ecotourism

Unsustainable tourism

Утверждение

A

B

C

D

E

F

G

Соответствие диалогу

Text

Words

Nowadays, the word ‘safari’ is often used negatively. For many people, the idea of killing animals for sport is unacceptable.

As the popularity of hunting declines, safaris are swapping their guns for cameras, 19_______ tourists the chance to photograph wild animals in their natural habitat. In recent years, nature and wildlife tourism, also called ecotourism, 20________ massively.

But the story is complex. While money from ecotourism 21________ to support threatened wildlife and traditional local cultures, the reality is sometimes different. In this programme, we 22___________: is ecotourism good or bad? And, as usual, we’ll be learning some useful new vocabulary as well.

The balance between the good and bad things ecotourism can bring is well understood by Vicky Smith, 23_______ website, Earth Changes, matches ecotourists with environmentally-friendly travel 24________. Here is Vicky talking with BBC Radio 4 programme, Costing the Earth.

OFFER

GROW

SUPPOSE

ASK

WHO

COMPANY

Text

Words

Just because tourism is nature-based, it doesn't mean to say it's 25____________ responsible or sustainable. So, there's a lot of animal activities in tourism that we know which are highly irresponsible and 26____________, like a performing whale and dolphin shows, or swimming with dolphins, elephant-riding, tiger selfies where the tigers are drugged.

Genuine ecotourism is sustainable – designed to continue at a steady level which does not damage the environment. Not every travel company which calls themselves eco-friendly acts sustainably, and may still advertise irresponsible tourist 27_________, including tiger selfies – having your photo taken with a captive wild tiger.

There are two 28___________ travel companies should meet to qualify as genuine ecotourism. First, tourists’ main motivation should be to appreciate and observe the natural world without interfering, and second, the money they spend should support traditional communities. Clearly, having your photograph taken with a chained and drugged tiger does not meet these requirements.

But not all companies claiming to be ecotourism behave so 29___________. According to Antonia Bolingbroke-Kent, who runs small scale wildlife expeditions to some of the most remote places on Earth, it’s possible to put travel companies on a sliding scale from good to bad. On BBC Radio 4’s programme, Costing the Earth, Antonia discussed her work in Tajikistan, a country where ecotourism is making a positive impact on both animal and human communities.

NECESSARY

SUSTAIN

ACT

REQUIRE

RESPONSIBLE

Verb

Noun

Adjective

Adverb

Necessary

Sustain

Act

Require

Responsible

Will

Willing

Awareness

Aware