Стартовый контроль по английскому языку в 9 классе

Прочитайте тексты и установите соответствие между текстами А - G и заголовками 1- 8. Используйте каждую цифру только один раз. В задании есть один лишний заголовок.

1. Where the name came from

2.Who were the Britons?

3. Customs of the Britons

4. The birth of other languages

5. A confusing fact

6. Moving south

7. Unwelcome strangers

8. Arrival of a new language

A.

The Britons were early inhabitants of the island of Great Britain. They lived in the area that is now known as England, and also in parts of southern Scotland. They are believed to have come originally from a region of northern France. They lived in Great Britain up until the time that the Anglo-Saxons came from Germany in the 5th century.

B.

The earliest history of the Britons was written by a Greek man named Pytheas, who lived in a Greek colony in southern France. Pytheas visited the British Isles, including Ireland, in 330 BC. He called the islands ‘hai Brettaniai’, meaning the ‘Brittanic Isles’. He called the people there ‘Prettanoi’, which led to the terms ‘Briton’ and ‘British’.

C.

The Britons controlled most of England and southern Scotland for several centuries. This began to change as the Roman Empire spread north. During the 1st century AD, the Romans entered the region by force. The Britons tried to push them back, but realised that the Romans were too powerful. They had to accept that the Romans were there to stay.

D.

The Britons lived under Roman rule from the 1st century AD until the 4th century. Around that time Rome became much weaker, and Roman soldiers left Britain. Germanic tribes from Europe, the Anglo-Saxons, soon started to arrive in the east of England. They brought their language with them, which helped form the English language used in the UK today.

E.

After the Anglo-Saxons arrived, the Britons began to split up and form smaller tribes, which eventually had their own separate customs and languages. By the 11th century, there were the Cornish, Welsh, and Breton tribes which spoke Cornish, Welsh and Breton. These separate languages are still used by numbers of people today.

F.

One of the tribes that formed after the Britons began to divide was the Bretons. These people left Great Britain for an area of France now known as Brittany. This region is just over 200 kilometres south of the British Isles. The Breton language still exists in the region, although most Bretons speak French. Brittany is sometimes called ‘Little Britain’, in contrast to Great Britain.

G.

The term ‘British’ can apply to the British of today and also to the ancient Britons, but in different ways. One example is with language: the Britons spoke the British language, a language completely different from English. This is a bit difficult to understand, because today some people commonly use the terms ‘British’ and ‘English’ to mean similar things.

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The Maya are a group of people living in Central America and southern Mexico, whose history dates back an incredible 4,000 years. The height of their civilisation is sometimes known as the ‘Classic period’. This lasted from about 300 to 900AD, and then suddenly ended. Archaeologists today still ask, ‘Why did this happen?’

There are many possible explanations for the end of the Classic Maya civilisation, but no-one knows for sure exactly what happened. One possibility is that some groups of foreigners invaded and destroyed some of the most important Maya cities. However, most archaeologists and historians who have studied this subject think this explanation is unlikely.

Another possibility involves the expansion of the civilisation during the 700s. Some buildings from that period remain unfinished. Why? The suggestion is that poor Maya citizens were forced to carry out the hard building work. Because they were badly treated, they fought back. This would explain why the buildings were never completed. However, scientific research has shown that the buildings weren’t actually very difficult to build. What’s more, other civilisations that experienced problems like these did not just disappear.

A third possibility involves the collapse of trade. Some archaeologists believe that the Maya were closely connected to the city of Teotihuacan by trade. This great city ruled central Mexico, and its collapse in 750AD changed trade routes. However, it has been discovered that the Maya’s connection with this city was strong around 500AD. This means that by the time Teotihuacan fell, the Maya were already independent of the city’s influence.

One of the most likely explanations is a change in the weather, with not enough rain leading to an extremely bad drought. Scientists have been able to work out rainfall amounts at the time from soil samples. It appears that the area suffered from a ‘mega-drought’ and the severe lack of water was enough to starve the Maya of food. Critics of this idea say that only the northern regions have been studied and the Maya civilisation was stronger in the south. Also, certain Maya cities in the north survived until 900AD or even later, but this is possibly because they were located closer to the sea and could survive on fish.

Whatever its cause, the end of the Maya Classic period did not bring a complete end to its people.Today, there are still millions of them living in the area, speaking one or more of the 21 Mayan languagesstill in existence.

A 7

The ‘Classic period’ lasted for more than 4,000 years.

A 8

Archaeologists often have meetings with historians to discuss the Maya civilisation.

A 9

Not all of the buildings the Maya started building in the 700s were finished.

A 10

Maya buildings were usually very expensive to build.

A 11

Around 500AD, the city of Teotihuacan ruled over the Maya civilisation.

A 12

Scientists have no idea how much rain fell during the Classic period.

A 13

Some Maya cities continued after the end of the Classic period.

A 14

Maya people today all speak the same language.

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B4

Have you heard of ‘blue zones’? These are areas of the world in which people live the_____________________.

LONG

B5

In Sardinia, Italy, for example, an area of the island _____________ more males over 100 years of age than anywhere else on Earth today.

HAVE

B6

Another blue zone is Icaria, Greece. Many of its inhabitants live into_______________90s.

THEY

B7

Visiting Costa Rica in 2007, the author and explorer Dan Buettner

_______________ that a particular region in the country has an extremely long life expectancy.

FIND

B8

The Costa Ricans in this region, who are farmers, outlive men and ________________ in other areas of the country.

WOMAN

B9

In 2008, Buettner _______________ a book about this.

WRITE

B10

Scientists are still researching the reasons for blue zones, but it_______________ that both diet and exercise play an important role.

SEEM

B11

They _______________ five blue zones so far. These include the three mentioned above, together with Okinawa, Japan, and Loma Linda, California.

DISCOVER

B12

Perhaps scientists _______________ more blue zones in other parts of the world in the future.

FIND

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Earthquake in Japan

Theearthquake in Japan in March 2011 destroyed

POWER

B13

B14

a lot ofand roads and caused another dreadful disaster – tsunami, which reached the north-east and ruined a small

BUILD

B15

town of Takajo with a___________ of about 12,000 people.

POPULATE

B16

What is worse, tsunamiFukushima nuclear plants situated on the shores of Japan and damaged the cooling systems of

PARALYSIS

B17

five nuclear reactors. The cooling systems must ____________ pump water to keep a dangerous material at a safe temperature. Otherwise, the water will boil off, the fuel will melt and burn, and radioactive material might escape from the reactor.

CONTINUAL

B18

To prevent people from radiation, officials ordered the evacuation of all citizens within an eight-mile radius of the plants. Radiation exceeded the normal levels dramatically: about 9 times normal outside the plants and as high as 1,000 times normal inside.

JAPAN

1. Look at the volcano. Huge rocks ________ out of the crater!

A. are exploding

B. exploded

C.explode

D.were exploding

2. Martin _________the crater yet.

A. has reached

B. hasn’t reached

C. didn’t reach

D. hasn’t been reached

3. Jane's feet were aching because she ______________ since early morning

A. is walking

B. was walking

C. has been walking

D.had been walking

4. There was only _________ water left.

A. few

B.a few

C.a little

D.many

5. The match was called ___________due to heavy rain.

A. off

B.back

C. on

D.out

6. The husband _______ his wife not to buy those expensive shoes.

A. says

B. said

C. suggested

D.begged

7.I am used ________________ fruit and vegetables at the market.

A. to buying

B. to buy

C. buy

D.buying

8.The price of staple foods is getting ___________and _____________every month.

A. high, high

B. higher, higher

C. high, higher

D.higher, highest

9.By the end of the year, we ___________________ in this house for 10years!

A. will live

B. will be living

C.will have been living

D.will be lived

10. Simon hopes he__________________his own business by next year.

A. will start

B. starts

C.will be starting

D.will have started

11. Shoppers often buy products that are on the shelves ____________eye level.

A. in

B. on

C.at

Above

12. If he had a job, he ___________ money.

A.would earn

B.will earn

C.earned

D.earns

13. Jack, ___________ house burnt down, is now homeless.

A. whose

B.who

C.where

D.that

14. The computer ________________ now.

A.has repaired

B.repairs

C.is repaired

D.is being repaired

15. The world's rainforests are ___________threat.

A.on

B. under

C.in

D.with

16. You ___________litter in the park; it’s against the law.

A. can’t

B.shouldn’t

C.mustn’t

D.needn’t

17. I’m an early bird, _____________?

A. amn’t I

B.aren’t I

C.aren’t you

D.shall I

18. A. Let’s go for a walk, __________?

will you

B.won’t you

C.shall we

D.don’t you

19. Gordon, ________ is in our class, volunteers at the library after school.

A. who

B.whose

C.that

D.which

20. I fell and cut ____________ on a rock.

A. itself

B.ourselves

C.myself

D.yourself