Молодёжные субкультуры

ПРОЕКТАЯ РАБОТА

«YOUTHSUBCULTURES»

Работу выполнила

ученица 10 А класса …………

Руководитель:

Февралёва Е.Н ,учитель английского языка

СОДЕРЖАНИЕ

INTRODUCTION.....................................................................................................2

1. What is a youth subculture....................................................................................3

2. History and features of youth subcultures.............................................................4

3.Reasons for joining subcultures and critics' opinion on that.................................5

4.Influence of youth subcultures on teenagers.........................................................6

5. The Sociology of youth subculture.......................................................................7

6.Youth subcultures in USA.....................................................................................8

7.Examples of youth subcultures 40^th-50^th...............................................................9

8. Practical part.......................................................................................................11

9. Conclusion...........................................................................................................12

INTRODUCTION

I have chosen this topic because youth subcultures are very popular between teenagers nowadays. With the help of this project I would like to study all the historical for the formation of youth subcultures and their role in the lives of teenagers.

The relevance of my work is that nowadays youth subcultures are especially popular among teenagers but not everyone knows about their impact on the personality of young people. My purpose is to determine their role in the lives of those people who belong to these subcultures and to learn as much as I can about each youth subculture and their traditions.

The practical significance of this work is that it can be used in the course of «Social science» and also to explain to teenagers the influence of these subcultures on their lives.

The aims of my work are:

1) To prove that every youth subculture has its own rules.

2) To find out how youth subcultures effect on a person.

3) To find out the reasons for the emergence of youth subcultures.

The objectives of my work are:

1) To learn the history of youth subcultures.

2) To find out how many people are the part of youth subcultures.

3) To identify the number of people who would like to be part of youth subcultures

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What is a youth subculture

Many young people can and do dress in ways that are sometimes a bit different. Any day we can see a parade of styles: goths, dressed in black, faces caked in deathmask makeup, chains with life and death symbols on them;

Bogans /Rockers /Westies, hair cropped at the front and long at the back, black stretch jeans, T-shirts with the names of heavy metal rock bands on them and others. A particular cultural grouping is a way for young people to express their individuality, to spend their free time. Teenagers create a certain lifestyle within their subcultures. Being a group is like living a real life for them. So, the aim of this chapter is to give an overview of the theory of these youth subcultures.

What is a youth subculture?

A youth subculture is a youth-based subculture with distinct styles, interests and behaviors. Belonging to a social group or youth subculture is often about exploring who you are and what you stand for. During adolescence, teenagers strive to form independent adult identities. Experimenting with different social groups is one way of doing this. It’s how a child can test out being someone new. The British sociologist M. Brake defines youth culture as “a special form of the organization of the activities of the youth, a relatively autonomous and comprehensive formation within a cultural tradition dominant in the society, different in its norms, values, institutes, lifestyle, and thinking». Most youth subcultures are collective deviations but the nature of these deviations from social norm ranges from political protest to artistic circles. Choosing a subculture, young people rely on personal knowledge while noticing the differences in subjective meanings, which hinder the achievement of their common practical goal.

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History and features of youth subcultures

Historical past of youth subcultures.

During the period of contemporary history beginning with the end of the Second World War and the emergence of the leisure and consumer industries, the historical legacy of youth culture spans a much longer period of time. For example, Pearson (1994) documents a style-based gang comprising young apprentices in London during the 17th and 18th centuries. Similarly, both Roberts (1971) and Fowler (1992) refer to stylistically distinct youth groups, such as the Salford Scuuttlers, in northern England during the late 19th century and also during the interwar years. Historically studies of youth culture were dominated by the CCCS subcultural approach (see Hall and Jefferson 1976), although more recently it is a body of work that have become known as „post-subcultural studies (Muggleton 2005) that provide the lynchpin around which most discussions of contemporary youth culture coalesce. For the most part, post-subcultural studies confine themselves to discussions of music and dance cultures and youth style and tend to be dominated by „colourful, “cultural” accounts of young people’s lives (Nayak 2003:306) which celebrate the optimism of stylistic and musical possibility.

Main features of youth subcultures.

We can identify and explain the behaviour of different groups within this category on the basis of their particular social characteristics (such as class, gender, ethnicity, region and so forth). For example, gender might be an important subcultural factor. Young males and females, for example, although having their age in common actually have very different experiences and expectations of youth. This leads to the development of different reactions, such as young males being much more likely to form gangs or subcultural groups than young females. Youth subcultures have their own image, language, symbols, believes and music preferences.

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Reasons for joining subcultures and critics' opinion on that

Reasons why teenagers join subcultures.

1) to show themselves as individuals (firstly, it’s a wish of people who are unhappy or have some problems in communication;

2) it’s a way to create (some subcultures like to create new things, for example write poems, songs, make definite styles of music);

3) when it’s nothing to do else ( If the world is so bad and there is no wish to make something for own life – shoking style and agressive behaviour it’s the only chance not to die from boredom) ;

4) when you want to find companions for some actions ;

5) to copy somebody (for example, stars of TV-screens, or friends who do the same ).

Critics' opinion on youth subcultures.

Empirically, critics of post-subcultural studies tend to ignore the youth cultural lives and identities of less advantaged young people and that; theoretically, they tend to under-play the potential significance of class and other social inequalities in contemporary youth culture. Part of my purpose is to bring to greater prominence some disparate examples of recent youth research which, although not directly or wholly concerned with youth culture, nevertheless do throw light on the ways in which young people’s cultural identities continue to be closely connected with family histories, gender, place, class, region and locality. Critics say that for some young people, social divisions still shape youth cultural identities.

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Influence of youth subcultures on teenagers

Can youth subcultures be harmful?

It’s normal for teens to experiment with subcultures and social groups, and most of the time this experimentation is harmless. Some social groups can have negative effects on a teenager. It’s not necessarily a cause for concern when teenagers dresses differently or listens to new kinds of music. But it can be a cause for concern if they begin to have trouble in school and difficulty sleeping. If a teenager displays signs of depression, anxiety, aggression, or antisocial behavior, it may be a sign that the current social group that he is a member of is not the best for him

Why some subcultures are aggressive to the society?

The teachers said:

1) They become aggressive when they have family problems

2) When they have problems in their relationships with their peers

The youth said:

1) Their parents press them and they hate it

2) Their teacher press them and it is a great trouble for them

3) When someone hurts his or her feelings

The people above 30 said:

1) They hate the injustice in our society

2) They become aggressive when people behave rudely

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The Sociology of youth subculture

The main theme in the sociology of youth subcultures is the relationship between social class and everyday experience. Some of the sociology of Bourdieu has gained currency in the study of youth subcultures, but unfortunately in a way that completely distorts his central point. The notion of "subcultural capital" has been proposed and taken up by some researchers. It is an attempt to describe struggles for status within a subculture. Certainly this exists in punk. People who have been in famous bands enjoy a reputation and get a lot of attention (not always welcome). People who have been in the scene for a long time and run a record label are generally well respected. There is another serious misunderstanding in the concept of "youth subculture." Most subcultures actually include adults with real resources who play key roles. All youth subcultures include at least two generations and the relations between older and younger participants is important. The emphasis on "subculture" can be misleading in a different way. It tends to lead to attempts to describe the experience and activities as a whole. This is sometimes called describing the homology of the subculture: the ways in which the music, dress etc. add up to a coherent lifestyle. In earlier research there was an attempt to relate this homology to a particular social class. But in fact, if kids and adults from different social backgrounds participate in the subcultural scene, there are likely to be different social intentions.Empirically, critics of post-subcultural studies tend to ignore the youth cultural lives and identities of less advantaged young people and that, theoretically, they tend to under-play the potential significance of class and other social inequalities in contemporary youth culture.

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Youth subcultures in USA

The late 1960s and early 1970s had given rise to a number of spectacular subcultural styles in Britain, including the Teddy Boy, Mod, Rocker, Skinhead, Punk, New Romantic, Rasta and Glamrock styles

Where did the history of subcultures in the USA begin?

1The first types of subcultures were "black." They grew out of an acute problem between the black and white population of America. And it all started with a quiet call to the well-established standards of society.

2Bikers - the discoverers of the "white" subcultures.The bikers became the creators of the first "white" subculture .

The 1940s and 1960s, subcultural stagnation took place in America. There was a gap between generations. The internal problems of society dried up: racial intolerance was gradually eradicated, regional and ethnic issues were resolved peacefully. In the USA, and then around the world, such groups as Television, The Velvet Underground, Ramones are becoming popular.Hip-hop as a movement emerged on the streets of the Bronx in 1980s among African American youth from working class families. The main thing is the confrontation against the authorities, the police, and injustice.Another subculture appeared in America in 1990s, thanks to England. Thus, the "Indies" movement was born. This movement absorbed elements from many other US subcultures: simplicity in clothes and lack of money for beatniks, Swing London hairstyles, tattered jeans and heavy punks' boots

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Examples of youth subcultures 40^th-50^th

Zooties: 40th - 50th.

"Zooties" - silent street revolution. The desire to attract attention was realized rather unusual for that time by wearing a defiant costume called Zoot Suit . It consisted of narrow trousers and an elongated striped jacket. It was quite difficult to buy such a suit, especially for oppressed African Americans: it was custom-made for an indecently high price. Owners of such a dress began to be called "Zooties".The value of this subculture was great. The costume has become a kind of symbol of ethnic pride and rebellion against the white society. It was from “zutyz” that the first organized gangs of “black” streets were formed.

Broken generation: popular subculture of the 50s

Image hipsters next embodied in the beat. True, soon enough, the adherents of this subculture left the strict adherence to the adopted dress-code, and black sweaters with berets became part of popular culture, posture, but by no means a real riot against society.The beatnic movement takes its origins in the “black culture”: music, passion, protest. The beatniks sought freedom of expression, travel, resumed the literary tradition of describing their own lives

Hippies from the 60s: children of flowers and the heirs of traditions

This subculture has inherited some of the features of beatnicity, embodying them in a rethought form: the desire for vagrancy, the abandonment of the mainstream, drug use, new styles of music and culture, sexual emancipation. In addition, the hippies promoted the image of a simple rural life in a commune, with the enjoyment of their being and harmony with nature.They could be distinguished by bright clothes, long hair and a positive attitude towards life. And painted minivans are still strongly associated with the "children of flowers"

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Practical part

Приложение 1

I conducted a social survey among my peers,classmates and residents of my city from different age groups.According to the results of the survey,presented in the form of diagram(pic. 1,2) it can be concluded that young people from 14 to 18 years are most interested in subcultures

Рис.1

1-People from 14 to 16 years

2-People from 16 to 18 years

3-People from 18 to 25 years

Рис.2

1-People from 15 to 18 years

2-People from 13 to 15 years

3-People from 18 to 25 years

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Приложение 2

During the survey I asked what people think about the impact of subcultures on its participants and on society as a whole. At this diagrams we can see the percentage of people who believe that subcultures have a positive or negative influence.In accordance with this diagram it can be concluded that people from 13 to 17 years have a more positive attitude to subcultures and consider their impact on society positive in contrast to people from 18 to 25 years.

1-People from 13 to 17 years

2-People from 18 to 25 years

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CONCLUSION

For this project I have collected the necessary information about the topic,analysed it and conducted the survey. I found out that youth subcultures is very difficult but interesting social phenomenon. It involves many social interactions between members of a subculture. They have a special hierarchy,special traditions that are different for each subculture. This topic is very popular among teenagers because it is one of the ways for them to express themselves. With the help of such associations ,they find new friends and discover something unusual for themselves. Despite all the positive aspects of subcultures, there are also negative ones. For example, a subculture may include people who do something illegal or have a bad influence on the person who joined the group.Therefore,it is impossible to clearly judge the impact of these subcultures on society and on teenagers.

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СПИСОКИСПОЛЬЗОВАННЫХИСТОЧНИКОВ

1.Bennet. «Youth Cultures, Transitions, and Generations».‘Speaking of Youth Culture’: A Critical Analysis of Contemporary Youth Cultural Practice,2015

2.В.П.Кузовлев,Н.М.Лапа,Э.Ш.Перегудова и др. «English 10-11»: «Английский язык:Учебник для 10-11 кл.общеобразовательных учреждений».-4-е изд.-М.:Просвещение,2004

3.К.И.Кауфман,М.Ю.Кауфман. «HappyEnglish.ru»:учебник английского языка для 9 кл. общеобразовательных учреждений.-Обнинск:Титул,2012

4.ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/Субкультура

5.www.subcult.ru

6.Nina Aleksandrovna Oparina, Irina Sergeevna Kazakova, Yury Viktorovich Abramov, Nikolai Ivanovich Shapovalov, Viktor Anatolievich Ilyin.Journal of Critical Reviews «Youth subculture and modern society»,2020

7.raisingchildren.net.au

8.www.theguardian.com

9. www.csub.edu

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Адрес публикации: https://www.prodlenka.org/metodicheskie-razrabotki/458010-molodjozhnye-subkultury