Creation of models and algorithms of the information system of material quality management in higher education

CREATION OF MODELS AND ALGORITHMS OF THE INFORMATION SYSTEM OF MATERIAL QUALITY MANAGEMENT IN HIGHER EDUCATION

Ismailov Tohir

ismailovtohir4349@gmail.com

Yusupova Makhbuba

Master's student of Webster in Tashkent

yusupovamahbuba98@gmail.com

Abstract:The main focus of the current period is the reform of the education system, the widespread use of innovative technologies in education, the proper organization of the educational process and the proper management of the mutual education system. In this article, we present the results of research on the creation of information systems models and algorithms for quality management of the educational process in higher education to further address these issues. It is necessary to develop information system models and algorithms to increase the quality and effectiveness of education.

Keywords:Higher education system, quality management, information system, model, algorithm, quality standard, electronic platform, computer.

I. INTRODUCTION

Problem statement. The main task of education policy is to maintain its fundamentality and provide the individual, society and the state with modern quality education in accordance with current and future requirements as a necessary condition for the modernization of the state education system. Today, as everywhere else, we have only a system of evaluating the quality of education.

The quality of higher education is defined as the “appropriate norms” set for the training of bachelors, specialists and masters, and the norm is the required level of knowledge and skills set out in the state education standards in the first place. It should be noted that the concept of norm is not absolute and fixed. Efforts are being made to define a "quality standard" and free it from subjective opinions.

Assessing the quality of education is necessary not only to make organizational and management decisions aimed at ensuring the functioning of the educational institution, but also to promote and articulate the goals of the development of a particular institution of higher education. The search for optimal ways to manage the learning process, the creation of models and algorithms for assessing its quantitative and qualitative indicators, as well as the development of software tools based on them is a key issue of graduate work.

The main task of the management of higher education institutions is to optimize the educational process on the indicators that characterize this process. In terms of systematic analysis of control, an active system involves the creation of an imitation model of system movement over time in internal and external conditions, depending on the control process in which it is performed. Management selection is based on an analysis of the optimization criteria that qualitatively assess the management decision made.

I.1. Basic elements of the information system for managing the educational process in higher education

The recent acceleration of information processes and the widespread use of information technology in all areas of management are closely linked with the creation of new modern computer technologies and effective methods of processing large amounts of information.[4]

Modern means of communication and information technology are rapidly entering all areas, including the management of the educational process. One of the main factors in the development of information processes is the problems that arise in the management structures in our country and abroad. Nowadays, in the modern market, the possibility of mega-monopoly is very limited.

Information is information about objects and events in the environment, their parameters, properties and states. This information reduces the level of uncertainty about objects and events and the incompleteness of knowledge. The concept of an information system. A system is a set of elements of different sexes that are united at the same time to achieve a set goal.

Figure 1. System examples

Information system - is a set of rules and interrelated tools used to store, process, and display data to achieve a goal.[13]

I.2. Stages of development of information systems

The history of the development of information systems in different periods, depending on the purpose of their use, can be expressed as follows.

Figure 2. Stages of development.

The processes that support the operation of information systems can be expressed in the form of a block diagram:

1. Hardware and software part of information systems.

2. Hardware and software part of information systems

The following can be achieved in the implementation of information systems:

a) finding the most rational solutions to management problems through the use of mathematical methods and intelligent systems;

b) freeing employees from complex calculations in exchange for automation

c) ensuring the accuracy of information;

d) storage of data on magnetic disks and tapes, not on paper;

e) improving the company's document management systems and data flow structures;

f) reducing costs in the production of goods and services;

g) introduction of rare services to consumers;

h) search for new economic relations;

i) attracting buyers and sellers to the firm through various services and discounts.

The role of management structure in the information system:

1) creation and use of information systems in any organization is aimed at solving the following issues;

2) The structure of the information system, its functional function, compliance with the objectives of the organization;

3) The information system should be controlled and understood by people;

4) Accurate, secure, structured and timely data generation.[5]

Organizational management structure. Management is the achievement of a set goal, provided that it performs organizational, planning, accounting, analysis, control, incentive, and decision-making functions..

1. METHODS

Management structures are generally divided into three levels: operational (sub-operational), functional (tactical), and strategic. In a modern market economy, modernization and adaptation lead to changes in all types of traditionally accepted management structures. The processes of application of information and communication, means, methods of data processing and other factors that make up the phenomenon of the information process play an important role in this. The process of informing various levels of government has been going on for many years.

However, in recent years, informatization has fallen into the stream of economic pragmatism, which means that the use of modern information technologies has faced economic challenges. It will be very difficult for any state to withstand this wave. There is not enough basic scientific research in the field of informatization today, so there is a lot of chaotic and unbalanced situation in the process of informatization of management systems.

The interest in using information management models in education is not accidental. It is due to the growing attention paid to the educational process, as in all countries. It is known from practice that if their implementation does not provide appropriate reforms in the organization and management of education, the creation of new tools and methods of teaching will have a very small impact on the real process of teaching.

This complex problem cannot be effectively solved by management if their work is based on the leader’s previous experience, intuition and common sense. These factors will then need to be supplemented with accurate, adequate and timely information needed to manage the self-education system.

But that is not enough. Decision makers should be able to:

- be able to use a variety of mathematical methods, including the accepted solutions;

- modeling the consequences of their decisions;

- provide real-time access to a database of pedagogical information based on topics of interest;

- Discuss decisions with colleagues and experts. All this takes into account the abandonment of existing local models of management and network technology, primarily the ability of expert groups to work, distribute information, dynamically form and transform on the basis of the Internet.

In real systems, these functions are difficult to accept as a single process of management, distributed among very weak employees, without which it is impossible to design a successful management system.

In complex areas, such as the educational process, it is advisable to systematically use systematic analysis, including decision-making theory, to understand the structure of the management system. Their use in the design and implementation of control systems allows the creation of decent systems that carry out such developments. In particular, we emphasize the need for special training of leaders in the new environment of information and pedagogical technologies.

Systems analysis is a scientific discipline that studies the problems of making informed decisions about complex systems. A decision here is a formalized or unofficial choice of one of the available options to achieve a goal. Systematic analysis provides a methodology for making decisions that, in some cases, allows them to look for optimal solutions in a purposeful way, eliminating the inadequacies of their decisions relative to others. A systematic approach, if possible, using systematic analysis of specific problems using rigorous mathematical methods, aims to increase the validity of decisions made in the context of analyzing a set of potential solutions and a large amount of information about the system. In decision-making in all spheres of human activity, the following situations may arise in practice: in the organization of production or military work, in scientific research, in trade, and in other matters.

The characteristic features of the situation for such cases of decision-making are:

- the complexity of the system, which requires a decision;

- availability of a set of potential solutions;

- selection based on certain sets of decision-making criteria;

- impossibility of selection based on a potential set of different solutions without qualitative and quantitative analysis.

Systematic analysis includes a number of sections on some general issues and methods that do not have a quantitative interpretation, and operations review sections that deal only with quantitative methods of decision making. It should be noted that the quantitative direction of systematic analysis is formalized in the second place.

In other words, a model is a material or ideal (i.e., mental) object, which is replaced by the original object in the study of some of its characteristics.

Typically, models are created for the following purposes:

- To study the object (its structure, mechanism of functionalization, internal relations and laws of development);

- predict the reaction of the object to various external influences;

- to optimize the structure of an object in order to optimize its structure, or to optimize its management if this object exists.[14]

Models can be classified in different ways.

The main working concepts within the information models of educational process management that we are analyzing are:

- information;

- information processing;

- information model.

Information is, in fact, a system of signs and gestures.

Information processing means the description of these symbols on the basis of given rules.

I.2. Learning Management Information System

Information support

The structure of an information system is made up of separate parts called its subsystems.

A subsystem is a specific part of a system that is separated by a feature. Thus, the structure of an arbitrary information system can be represented by a set of supporting subsystems.

II.1 Information support.

The task of the information support system is to generate accurate and reliable information that is needed to make management decisions.

Information support is a unique system of classification and coding of information, unified system of documents, schemes of information flows circulating in the organization, as well as a set of methods for building a database.

A unified system of documents is usually created at the state, sectoral and regional levels. Its main purpose is to ensure the comparison of indicators in different spheres of social production.

An information flow chart is the routes and volume of information flow, the source of the source data, and the use of the resulting data. By analyzing the structures of these schemes, it is possible to develop measures for the development of the entire management system.

To create an information supply, you need:

1. A clear idea of the goals, objectives, functions of the management system of the organization;

2. Identify the movement of information, from its appearance to its use;

3. document - improvement of the exchange system;

4. Availability and use of the system of classification and coding;

5. Conceptual information - knowledge of how to create a logical model;

6. Creating data arrays on media (tape, disk, ...).

II.2Hardware

Hardware- a set of technical means for the operation of the information system and these means, as well as documents of technological processes.

The set of technical means is:

1) Optional computers;

2) Data collection, storage, processing, transmission and output devices;

3) Devices for data transmission and communication wires;

4) Automatic data acquisition devices and office equipment;

5) Used materials, etc.

Documentation of tool and technical processes can be conditionally divided into three groups:

1. General system documents, including state and industry standards;

2. Special documents covering a set of methods for all stages of technical support development;

3. Normative documents used in the performance of maintenance calculations.

Currently, there are two main forms of organization of technical support (forms of use of technical means): centralized and partially or completely decentralized.[10]

Centralizedhardware is based on the use of a large ExM and a computing center in the information system.

Decentralizedtechnical means envisage the introduction of functional units in personal computers directly in the workplace. The forward-looking approach is probably a partially centralized approach, meaning that the hardware is organized on a distributed basis. These types consist of personal computers and large computers. Large computers store data that is common to all functional components.

Mathematical and software - a set of mathematical methods, models, algorithms and programs to achieve the goals of the information system.

Math support tools include:

• Management process modeling tools;

• Standard management tasks;

• Mathematical programming, mathematical statistics, etc. methods.

Softwareincludes general and special software products, as well as technical documentation.

System-wide software is a set of user programs designed to solve standard data processing problems.

Custom software is a set of applications that reflect the activities of a real object and implement its adequate models at any level.

Technical documentation is a description of the problem, a task to create an algorithm for solving the problem, a mathematical model of the problem, consisting of examples of tests.

Organizational support is a set of methods and tools that coordinate the relationship between employees and technical means in the operation and development of the information system.

Organizational support performs the following functions:

1. Analyze the existing management system of the organization and identify the processes that need to be automated;

2. Preparation for the solution of the problem on the computer, including the terms of reference for the design of the information system and justification of its effectiveness;

3. Development of management rules on the structure and structure of the organization, as well as methods of solving problems aimed at improving the efficiency of the management system.

Legal support is a set of legal norms that define the creation, legal rights and operation of information systems, and establishes the procedure for obtaining, modifying and using information.

The main purpose of legal support is to strengthen the rule of law.

Legal support includes laws, decrees, decisions of government agencies, orders of ministries and other regulations, organizations, local authorities. [10]

The legal support of the stages of development of information systems consists of the contractual relationship between the developer and the customer, as well as the legal acts justifying the deviation from the contract. The legal support for the stages of operation of information systems includes:

1. Information system status

2. The rights, duties and responsibilities of the organization

3. Legal regulation of the management process

4. The order of creation and use of information, etc..

Undoubtedly, progress is being made in shaping the country's software and hardware base of information technology. New methods and techniques of using information technologies in management are being formed. The software and hardware base of informatization is developing to one degree or another.

In the software sector, the creation of a large number of government software packages has stopped with the emergence of foreign software tools on the market.

Imported operating systems, database management systems, network and communication software environments, spreadsheets and text editors, operating systems are primarily meeting the needs of information system users.

At present, imported basic software meets the basic demand of information system users. The capabilities of these tools are, by nature, adaptable. Therefore, to create a package of applications using information technology, much less money is allocated than the amount spent on the purchase of their base.

This order of purchase and creation of software and hardware is determined by the following reasons:

• lack of experience in creating complex information systems;

• underestimation of fundamental and theoretical developments;

• lack of basic knowledge of foreign design methods;

• adaptation to foreign basic software and hardware;

• taking into account the costly economic psychology of the leader;

• lack of appropriate legal framework.

The process of creating a distributed information environment for managers, educators and students in the country, as well as around the world, is fundamentally new to the education system.

A new information infrastructure is being created in our country, which requires a radical reform of the means and methods of management of economic entities.

There are current requirements in the general systemic quality principles, which are considered to be supportive of the management structure:

• confidence of the manager in the optimality of fair selection in the creation of information technology;

• more efficient use of information technology;

• Manager’s confidence in the guarantee of further harmonious improvement of information technology.

It follows from the above that the creation of principles and the use of information technology, which ensure the balanced development of information processes in all areas of management, is quite relevant. In this regard, the following modifications of the principles of balanced informatization of education management are recommended after(14).

The principle of information and analytical openness.

• The organizational system should be as open as possible to obtain information from all spectra that rely on external sources and to develop analytical processing capabilities (methods and tools).

• The size and speed of information retrieval play a negative role in the balance. It is advisable to maximize them, as they "compensate" for possible imbalances arising from the inaccuracy of internal information.

• Access to the tentative structure of incoming information should be directly monitored by decision makers.

The principle of prediction.

• An information-analytical mechanism for forecasting should be installed in the organizational system.

• Forecasting is based on controlled influences that are established in the information process. Prophecy involves the application of principles.

• Predictions in the absence of information from external sources should be based on group expert procedures.

The unchanging principle of governance.

• The hierarchical information-management structure of the organizational system should be considered. It is based on the following rules: the degree of control increases (and vice versa) and the requirements for the accuracy of information processing are reduced.

• Rigid handling can lead to imbalances and developmental crises.

• The amount of sorting speed of the control structure has a negative effect on the control balance. The lower the sorting speed, the higher the balance.

1. RESULTS

Principles of maintaining performance.

• In the division, the organizational system must continue to function in the event of a weakening or change in the individual links between the levels of the management structure. It may lose some of its effectiveness.

Principles of division of control functions.

• Each function and problem of management is potentially different from other functions, some of which are inseparable from other functions.

• The number of features may be unlimited. A common problem area that combines these functions should be identified.

The principle of limited bedding.

• The ability of information tools and methods to "close" all the functions of managing a limited number of information technology components (partial systems).

• The components of the organizational system are interconnected, and the interaction is constantly growing.

• Each control function is performed by a set of predefined components of the organizational system.

• In the hierarchical ordering of a subsystem, the distribution of the number of components by hierarchies must obey the laws of color.

The principle of complementarity.

The set of components of the organizational system is determined by the requirements of the management function, which in the near future should not be implemented in principle through the use of information technology. Management functions that do not need to be implemented based on information technology are described.

These principles stem from the fundamental laws of balanced management of intellectual information systems, as well as the experience of creating information systems in the field of educational process management. The stated principles allow qualitative assessment of the level of balanced implementation of certain decisions in the field of management with the development of the process of informatization of the management structure. These principles reduce the errors in the placement of issues in the process of informatization, the impact on the balance and purposefulness of management, the level of information and analytical transparency, strict management, the completeness of the description of the components of the system. allows qualitative identification through characteristics.

1. CONCLUSION

The educational process plays an important role in shaping the intellectual, cultural and spiritual state of a society. The content and direction of the educational process are reflected in educational programs and standards. It is known from practice that if their implementation does not provide appropriate reforms in the organization and management of education, the creation of new tools and methods of teaching will have a very small impact on the real process of teaching.

With this in mind, the following was done in this qualifying dissertation:

• the information system of quality management of educational process is described;

• the principles of creating an information system for quality management of the educational process are described;

• informational trends in the quality management structure of the educational process.

• developed an information system for assessing the qualitative and quantitative indicators of quality management in the educational process;

• based on the created information system created models, algorithms and software for assessing the qualitative and quantitative indicators of the quality of the educational process.

The information system of qualitative and quantitative assessment of quality management of the educational process is integrated, based on modern information technologies and theoretical and practical achievements of the management system. evaluated by.

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