История Московского метрополитена, станция Спартак

The Moscow metro has recently celebrated its 80th anniversary: on may 15, 1935 was opened to regular traffic on the first metro line in Moscow. And now, to the beginning of the twenty-first century, we cannot imagine how could live without the capital subway. By 2016, the Moscow metro comprises 200 stations.
At the end of August 27, 2015 took its first passengers to the metro station "Spartak". At that time Moscow became the owner of the 195th station of the city metro. Metro station "Spartak" was waiting for its passengers for nearly 40 years!
This station is connected with many legends and mysteries. Many believe that there are special reasons in connection with which it was preserved. Diggers, psychics and other mysteries of the Moscow researchers often refer to the supposedly existing in this place "the curse".Not everyone knows that the beginning of construction refers to 1975. Metro station "Spartak" has an unusual fate. With the laying of forty years. Let us try to understand the reason for such long construction period. According to the draft of 1967, the station on this stretch was supposed to be. And even had a tentative name "Aeropol", in honor situated in close proximity to Tushino airfield. However, in the process of building of the Krasnopresnensky radius was found that it is not for the city object. And construction it is possible for some time to postpone. In the end, the unfinished station even received the official project name "Volokolamsk" due to the proximity of Volokolamsk highway. But I forgot about it for a long time. And remember, only in the second decade of the twenty-first century, when intensive construction in the district of Tushino aeropole residential complexes, sports and social facilities required the development of transport infrastructure. On the capital there was a metro station "Spartak". Named it in honor of the construction of the stadium and the football club. Metro station "Spartak" in its engineering and construction characteristics of this three-span station - column-type, shallow. It is situated on successfully operating since 1975 the stretch between stations "Shchukinsky" and "Tushinsky" Krasnopresnensky radius purple line. The project is the completion and finishing of the station was developed by LLC "Metro-Style 2000" based on the model project of prefabricated structures. The chief architect of the metro station "Spartak" D. V. Gursky. Stations similar plan were erected in the sixties in Moscow, Leningrad and many other cities of the Soviet Union, where he designed and built a metro line. Visual expression of these stations are no different. This approach is a radical reduction of costs for design and construction. In addition the station was constructed in a remarkable way: the waterproofing has been applied not only on the ceiling and walls, but also on the floor, due to the significant quantity of groundwater in that place. The original project of the station was supposed to be gray-yellow obelezavanje with blue mosaics along the paths, and the columns were closed brown granite, ending at the copper vault frescoes in the domes of the Volokolamsk Kremlin. Interestingly, this description strongly matches the current decoration station "Mirza Ulugbek," the Tashkent underground, whose opening took place in 1977.Architectural features and design of the metro station "Spartak" decided in the context of the adaptation of the model to project specific conditions. Metro station "Spartak" typical column station is located at a depth of ten meters under the southern and South-Western sector of the football stadium. Stations were suggestions on the design based on two themes: football club (sports theme, used red and white colors - corporate colors of the football team "Spartak") and the Olympic movement.
Given the emotions of fans, the design of the station was made neutral, without the symbols of the sports club "Spartak", but in his colours. On the platform, columns of white marble with black, red and light-gray inserts and decorative elements made of aluminum alloy. Travel walls — impact-resistant glass panels on the football theme. The only place that used the motif of FC "Spartak", and artistic stained glass with the club logo above a sloping entrance. The Northern exit from the metro station "Spartak" is designed in red and white colour scheme. As you know, these colors symbolize famous football club "Spartak". In the interior of the lobby and an inclined escalator tunnel present a stylized emblem of "Spartacus" lamps and logo of the football club. When the decorative elements and lighting, we applied anti-vandal designs. This is explained by the fact that some fans of "Spartacus" is renowned for his violent temper and aggressive behavior. Exit to the city is Provided with escalators Northern vestibule ground station outputs a stream of passengers straight to the stadium "Spartak". Ground lobby and stair halls are made in the same style as sports facilities in the neighborhood, and all artistic, decorative piece looks great in a uniform color the stadium "Open arena".In the days of football matches station will work only on the exit to avoid the stampede after the match. Much attention is paid to aspects of security on the station has installed more than 120 cameras, thus, did not remain dead zones, round-the-clock monitoring not only the passenger and service area, but also underground walkways and street approaches to crossings.1. Vocabularyanniversary - юбилейcomprises - включает, насчитаваетowner - владелецpreserved - сохранилисьresearcher - исследовательsupposedly - якобыcurse - проклятиеfate - судьбаdraft - проектtentative name - предварительное названиеproximity - близость postpone - отложитьdistrict - районsocial facilities - социальные объектыrequired - требуетсяthree-span station - трехпролетная станцияcolumn-type - колонный типshallow - мелкоеmodel project of prefabricated structures - типовой проект из сборных конструкцийerected - возведенreduction - снижениеwaterproofing - гидроизоляцияquantity - количествоpath - путьfrescoes - фрескиdomes - куполаdepth - глубинаsuggestion - предложениеalloy - сплавtravel walls - путевые стеныimpact-resistant glass panels - ударопрочные стеклянные панелиsloping entrance - наклонный входviolent temper - буйный нравfacilities in the neighborhood - сооружений в микрорайонеstampede - паническое бегство, давка2. Tasks:3. Translate the text from English into Russian4. Learn the new words and expressions from the text5. Retell the text providing it with personal commentaries6. Answer the questions:- When it was opened metro station Spartak?- Why not Spartak station was completed in 1975?- Why and when resumed (возобновилось) the construction of the metro station Spartak?- After whom or what metro station Spartak got its name?- What colors are planned to use in the design of the station originally?- What are the two themes metro station Spartak used an architect?- What is the name of the chief architect of the metro station Spartak?- What colour is decorated metro station Spartak?- How many outlets in the city has a metro station Spartak?- How many cameras are installed at the metro station Spartak?7. Make up 5 questions to the text8. Sum up the main idea of the text in 10 sentences9. Find the synonyms/antonyms for the following words:outlet, diggers, proximity, to postpone, reduction, to erect, unusual, possible, unfinished, project, completion10.Explain the meaning of the words:emblem, violent, escalator, mystery11.Translate into English using active vocabulary:

- Со станцией Спартак связано много легенд и загадок.

- Оформление станции было сделано нейтральным, без символики спортивного клуба «Спартак», но в его цветовой гамме.

- По путевым стенам — ударопрочные стеклянные панно на футбольную тематику.

Болельщики "Спартака" широко известны своим буйным нравом.

В дни футбольных матчей станция работает только на выход для избежания давки после окончания матча.

12. Quiz1. In what year was the Moscow metro opened?1904 1935 1940 19332. Is it true that in 1941 the Moscow metro was used as bomb shelter? Yes No3. What is written on the doors of the subway cars?Welcome - the Door is not slam - the Service entrance
Do not lean4. On the subway?trunks - the leaves - ranches — roots5. What phrase is usually written on the exit of the subway?Access to the surface - a way to freedom - Exit to the city
- Exit people6. Which station is the Moscow metro?"Barrikadnaya" - "Overpass" - "Welcome" — "Ballad"7. In which city made the carriages for the Moscow metro?- Lyubertsy - Mytishchi (Mytishchy engineering plant)
- Podolsk — Moscow8. Which of the following is allowed to do while in the Moscow metro, according to the official Rules using the Moscow metro?- To pass and to be at the station with no shoes - to Carry non-folding bicycles - listen to audio without headphones - To take photographs9. What is the name of one of the stations of the Moscow metro?"Institute" -"University" - The "Gymnasium" - Is "School"10. What usually announce in subway trains?All thanks, all are free - don't get killed -Watch the closing doors. - The train follows without stops.11. Moscow metro trains ply on .......lines.- 11, - 12, - 13, - 15.12. Now ........ stations of the Moscow underground take passengers.196, - 200, - 167, - 178.

Адрес публикации: https://www.prodlenka.org/metodicheskie-razrabotki/228331-istorija-moskovskogo-metropolitena-stancija-s