Uzbek people's seasonal ceremonies and navruz

UZBEK PEOPLE'S SEASONAL CEREMONIES AND NAVRUZ

SUNNATILLAEV ASATILLA SUNNATOVICH

Senior Lecturer at the Department of Folklore and Ethnography at the Uzbek State Institute of Arts and Culture, Independent Researcher

assunnatillayev92@bk.ru

Annotation:The historically tested holidays and ceremonies of our people reflect the good qualities of human relations, truly national, universal values. Such traditions and ceremonies reflect the ancient roots of the national spirit and spirituality of the people. In the traditions and ceremonies that have been formed and developed over the centuries, devotion to the motherland, respect for the elderly, care for parents, the elderly, hospitality, kinship and mutual assistance, honor of the family and women. There are social values, such as the preservation of the memory of the deceased, the memory of those who died long ago. This article provides a scientific analysis of the peculiarities of the Uzbek folk seasonal ceremonies, the role of Navruz in folk culture.

Keywords: ceremony, navruz, folklore, ethnography, holiday, song.

Introduction. Rituals, which have emerged as a centuries-old spiritual heritage of our people, have come a long way and become an integral part of people's lives. While the ceremonies are embodied as a reality that directly reflects the age-old traditions, way of life, mentality, ideas and views of the people, it reflects the ethnic and aesthetic aspects of the people's life. It has become a tradition to celebrate the birth of a person at a certain stage of his life, including his death, through special ceremonies in the family. It must be acknowledged that such traditions exist in the culture of all peoples.

Main part. A ceremony is a life event that celebrates important events in the life of a person, family, community, takes place in a state of formal and emotional uplift, and follows generally accepted rules. For example, ceremonies such as naming, marriage, burial, remembrance, planting and harvesting, "Boychechak", "Ramadan", "Darvishona" [5.94]. Rituals are an invaluable and unique spiritual heritage that embodies specific aspects of our national mentality. A ceremony is not just a celebration or celebration of music, dance, or folk dances, but a reflection of the history and culture of a nation with a rich tradition.

Samples of ceremonial folklore are among the most ancient genres of folklore. Family ceremonies, which are folklore ceremonies, are important because they embody national values ​​and traditions. Ceremonial folklore and its two parts - seasonal and family ritual folklore - are the main source of identity of each nation. The seasonal and family ritual folklore of the Uzbek people reflects the worldview of the working people in understanding the world, defining the place and role of man in it. All the life experiences, knowledge and conclusions of the people are first of all embodied in this system of seasonal, family ceremonies and folklore sung in it.

Of particular importance are the seasonal ceremonies, which are the most common among Uzbek folk ceremonies and embody the national traditions and values ​​of the people. Among the folk ceremonies, the seasonal ceremonies play an important cultural, educational and socio-spiritual significance. It is no coincidence that our ancestors began the seasonal ceremonies in the spring, because in this season the trees and plants slowly begin to wake up from the sun, life comes to life, which makes a special impression on people as the rebirth of life, the beginning of the year .

From time immemorial, the ceremonies of "Loy tutish", "Shoh moylar", "Navruz", "Sust xotin" were held in the spring. The canals were cleaned during the mudslide, and the entire population took an active part in this work. Those who were cleaning the canal were holding mud with a hoe or shovel to a passer-by. It was believed that a passenger should please a performer by performing a song or other profession after being caught in the mud. Otherwise he was also forced to clean the canal with people. The cleaning of the canal usually ended with a specially organized party and a banquet.

The first plowing was carried out in the spring. In an effort to reap a bountiful harvest, the ox's horns were anointed with oil, and at first the rich, wealthy grandfather drove the pair. Later, the work was continued by young people. The ceremony was also held with the participation of a large number of people. When the spring is dry, the "Sust xotin" ceremony is prepared. During the ceremony, women from the neighborhood and the village gathered to make a mula (a puppet-like puppet guard) and sprinkled water on it and sang. The main purpose of seasonal ceremonies is to connect people, nature, creatures, flora, and orderly climate change as they work tirelessly to make a living.

Navruz is the biggest seasonal holiday of the Uzbek people. The first information about Navruz can be found in Abu Rayhan Beruni's "Monuments of Ancient Peoples". The discovery of the spring equinox 3-4 thousand years ago, and the solemn celebration of March 21 as a New Year's holiday, give information about the development of science in our country. Precisely determining the entry of the sun into the constellation of the zodiac is a discovery of astronomical science. Firdavsi's "Shohnoma", Umar Khayyam's "Navruznoma", Alisher Navoi's "Tarihi muluki Ajam" contain details about the history and customs of the holiday. For example, on the day of Navruz, Umar Khayyam wrote that the high priest would bring to the king a gift full of gold, a ring, a dirham, a dinar, a barley sapling, a sword, an arrow, a dawat and a pen, and congratulate him. [1,228].

There are many reasons for this holiday to be celebrated in the spring. Our ancestors described the day and night as "Navruz", "Nav" - new, "Roz" - day, ie "New Day". This day is celebrated by people as a great celebration, a celebration of the cold days of winter, the return of beauty from life through the heat, the renewal of nature. Navruz is not a religious holiday, but a special holiday associated with the heyday of farming and gardening.

The celebration consisted of two parts: the organization of the sumalak in pots, the preparation of food from various spring greens, the gathering of people and the invitations of the callers to the guzars to the sound of trumpets, and the construction of the dorboz. After the blessings of the elders of the neighborhood or community, the second part of the holiday began, that is, the celebration of Navruz. On this day, people congratulated each other on the holiday, reconciled quarrels, wished each other the best and exchanged gifts. The young men and women fluttered their wings. The foxes flew, the goats played, the wrestlers fought, the roosters, the quails, the rams. The festivities ended with a sumalak feast and a variety of dishes.

Despite the fact that this holiday is a solemn ceremony, it embodies the values ​​of the most precious human spirituality. These are, first of all, the unity of the majority, the formation of a multi-ethnic environment, the transmission of spiritual and moral qualities to young people, respect and enjoyment of beautiful nature, the demonstration of examples of folk art among the community, it is to awaken in people a deep sense of respect for the motherland, the people, the earth.

In short, the seasonal ceremonies are the gatherings of our people about the seasons. Many of these ceremonies have disappeared as a result of deteriorating attitudes toward national values. Thanks to independence, special attention is paid to their restoration. As you know, Navruz is a national holiday celebrated by the general public. Therefore, these holiday songs are intended for public performance. The songs of Navruz express the kindness, the great faith in the blessings, the idea of ​​a bountiful harvest, the peace of the people.

The flower came out today, it's Navruz,

Everyone is talking to each other.

The universe is the same day and night. Today is Navruz.

Happy new year grandpa, Happy new year mom,

The flower came out today and it is Navruz. [4].

In ancient times, these verses were sung by our ancestors, who sowed grain in the fields with good intentions, hoping for a good harvest in the fall, with the arrival of spring, wishing peace, prosperity and prosperity to the people. These songs were one of the most beautiful songs of the New Year celebrations. The idea of ​​blessing the table, glorifying honest work, crushing good hopes, prosperity, peace of families, wealth of the country is the main theme of the song.

Conclusion.On the one hand, these ceremonies prove the richness and antiquity of the Uzbek people's values, and on the other hand, they prove that the Uzbeks are an organized nation from ancient times. We, the youth, must fulfill the task of restoring and continuing the national values ​​inherited from our ancestors in the life of our people, inculcating them in the people themselves, as well as in the spiritual world of the younger generation through modern forms of culture and art.

References

1. Madaev O. Uzbek folklore. Study guide. Tashkent-2010. 227.

2. Yuldasheva S. Methodology of folklore and ethnographic communities. T.: Navruz - 2014. 162.

3. Compiler and editor-in-chief: S. Yuldasheva. National folk art and ethnocultural values ​​of the Uzbek people. Scientific collection. T.: Navruz. 2014. 184.

4. From the repertoire of folklore and ethnographic amateur group "Rizvongul".

5. Karabaev U. Holidays of the Uzbek people. - T .: “Sharq”, 2002.94.

Адрес публикации: https://www.prodlenka.org/metodicheskie-razrabotki/496378-uzbek-peoples-seasonal-ceremonies-and-navruz