Текст по специальности «Machine-tools» с заданиями

Machine-tools

Machine-tools are used to shape metals and other materials. The material to be shaped is called the workpiece. Most machine-tools are now electrically driven. Machine-tools with electrical drive are faster and more accurate than hand tools: they were an important element in the development of mass-production processes, as they allowed individual parts to be made in large numbers so as to be interchangeable.

All machine-tools have facilities for holding both the workpiece and the tool, and for accurately controlling the movement of the cutting tool relative to the workpiece. Most machining operations generate large amounts of heat, and use cooling fluids (usually a mixture of water and oils) for cooling and lubrication.

Machine-tools usually work materials mechanically but other machining methods have been developed lately. They include chemical machining, spark erosion to machine very hard materials to any shape by means of a continuous high-voltage spark (discharge) between an electrode and a workpiece. Other machining methods include drilling using ultrasound, and cutting by means of a laser beam. Numerical control of machine-tools and flexible manufacturing systems have made it possible for complete systems of machine-tools to be used flexibly for the manufacture of a range of products.

Vocabulary : flexible [ˈfleksəbl] — гибкий,эластичный

accurate [ˈækjərət] — точный fluid [ˈfluːɪd] — жидкость

to allow [əˈlaʊ] — позволять,разрешать interchangeable [ɪntəˈʧeɪnʤəbl] —взаимозаменяемый

amount [əˈmaʊnt] — количество to lubricate[ˈluːbrɪkeɪt] — смазывать

beam[biːm] — луч machine-tool [məˈʃiːn tuːl] — станок

by means of [baɪ miːnz ɒv] — посредством range [reɪnʤ] — ассортимент,диапазон

development[dɪˈveləpmənt] — развитие relative[ˈrelətɪv] —относительный

discharge [dɪsˈʧɑːʤ] — разряд shape [ʃeɪp] — форма

drilling [ˈdrɪlɪŋ] — сверление spark erosion [spɑːk ɪˈrəʊʒən] — электроискровая

electrically[ɪˈlektrɪklɪ] driven — сэлектроприводомобработка

facility [fəˈsɪlɪtɪ] — приспособление workpiece [ˈwɜːkpiːs] — деталь,заготовка

numerical control [njuːˈmerɪkəl kɒnˈtrəʊl] - числовоепрограммноеуправление

Task 1.Translate the words in brackets into English:

1. The material to be shaped is called (деталь).

2. Most machine-tools are now (с электроприводом).

3. Most machining operations generate (большоеколичествотепла).

2. Machine-tools with electrical drive are (быстрее) and more (точные) than hand tools.

3. Machine-tools usually work materials (механически).

4. Other machining methods include drilling using (ультразвук), and cutting by means of a (лучилазера).

Task 2. Answerthe questions:

1. What is called the workpiece?

2. How are most modern machine tools driven?

3. What is used to cool and lubricate machine tools?

4. What facilities do all machine tools have?

5. What machining methods have been developed lately?

6. What makes it possible to increase the number and range of products?

Адрес публикации: https://www.prodlenka.org/metodicheskie-razrabotki/641793-tekst-po-specialnosti-machine-tools-s-zadanij