Рабочая тетрадь по теме «Кости скелета. Глагол to be в будущем времени»

Exercise 1. Using books and the internet sign the main parts and bones of the human skeleton.

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Exercise 2. Word search.

Exercise 3. Read the text below and fill in the gaps with the words from the word search.

The (1)_____ form the skeleton of the body. The most important part of the skeleton is the (2)_____. At the upper end of the backbone there is the skull. The (3)_____ form a strong cage - the chest, inside of which there is the heart and the lungs. The bones of the trunk include the spinal column, the ribs and the (4)______. (5)_____ and (6)_____ are the bones of the lower extremity. Our knee joint is protected by the (7)_____. (8)_____ is one of the bones of the upper extremity. (9)_____ is the part of the shoulder girdle. Be sure you get enough (10)_____ to keep your bones strong and healthy.

Exercise 4. Language workshop. Match the synonyms:

Cranium a. clavicle

Spine b. sternum

Chest c. patella

Breastbone d. backbone

Shinbone e. thigh

Collar-bone f. skull

Shoulder-blade g. extremity

Limb h. scapula

Hip i. tibia

Kneecap j. thorax

Exercise 5. Work with a dictionary. Write down the adjective for every noun.

Pelvis, bone, chest, skull, tooth, neck, spine, sacrum, waist, coccyx.

Exercise 6. Read the text about the human spinal column and sign its parts and number of vertebrae.

The bones of the trunk are the spinal column or the spine and the chest (ribs and the breastbone). The spine consists of the cervical, thoracic, lumbar and sacral vertebrae and the coccyx. The vertebra is a small done, which is formed by the body and the arches. All the vertebrae compose the spinal column or the spine. In the spinal column there are seven cervical vertebrae, twelve thoracic vertebrae, five lumbar, five sacral vertebrae and from one to five vertebrae which form the coccyx.

Exercise 7. Tick correct answers in the answer sheet below.

bone quiz

a. 206b. 300

What kind of tissue are human bones?

a. connectiveb. fibrous

What is the longest bone of the human skeleton?

a. femurb. tibia

How many vertebrae are there in the human spine?

a. 27-29b. 32-34

What is the only bone that is not connected with others?

a. hyoidb. stirrup

Bones meet at:

a. ligamentsb. joints

What is the smallest bone of the human body?

a. stirrupb. patella

What bone is not the part of human skeleton?

a. hyoidb. stirrup

How many bones are there in the human skull?

a. 23b. 13

Teeth are bones.

a. trueb. false

What’s in the center of bones?

a. compact boneb. bone marrow

The patella is located in the:

a. kneeb. elbow

Exercise 8. Make a glossary “Bones of the skull” in your copybook. Checkthepictures.

Лобная, теменная, затылочная, височная, клиновидная, верхняя челюсть, нижняя челюсть, слезная, решетчатая, скуловая, носовая.

Exercise 9. Read the bones’ description and fill in the gaps:

The part of the skull that consists of three parts including orbital and nasal parts is ___.

The largest and the strongest bone in the face is the ___.

An unpaired bone that separates the nasal cavity from the brain is the ___.

Bones that overlaid by the sides of temples and house the ears are called ___.

The lobe above occipital is ___.

A paired bone at the upper and lateral part of the face is the ___.

The upper jawbone is called the ___.

One of the seven bones that forms the orbit is the ___.

The smallest and the most fragile bone of the face is the ___.

Bones that form a “bridge” of the nose are called ___.

Exercise 10. Joints

Discuss the questions with your partner:

What joints do you know? Can all joints move? What is a cartilage? What’re their functions?

Check the text.

Movement of the skeleton occurs at joints – places where bones meet. The structure of our joints enables us to move the way we do. Some joints allow bending movements; some allow twisting. In these mobile joints, the bones are protected by cartilage. The smooth cartilage and a slippery fluid lubricate a joint's movement. Gristly bands, called ligaments, are attached to the bones around a joint, holding them in position. Not all joints move. Some bones, like the skull plates, are locked rigidly in position.

Exercise 11. Match joint description with appropriate picture. Then draw one part of the body that has a joint that would look like each of the diagrams below.

a. saddle joint b. hinge joint c. ball and socket d. rotating joint e. gliding joint

Exercise 12. Watch the movie “Skeletal system”https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Zen3RwGXg-4

Make the tasks below. Fill in the gaps. Be ready with True or False task.

There are 2 divisions of human skeleton:

1. axial: ________, ________, ________.

2. appendicular: ________, ________, ________, ________.

True or False?

Inside long bones is the medullary cavity.

A typical long bone has a main shaft called the epiphyses.

Muscles and tendons are attached to periosteum.

The axial skeleton consists of 126 bones.

Bone marrow contains the medullary cavity.

Adult skeletal system weighs more than 10 kg.

The tibia bears all of our body’s weight.

The shoulder girdle consists of the scapula and the clavicle.

Bone marrow plays an important part in the immune system.

I n the female the pubic arch is more than 90 degrees.

Exercise 13. Speaking. Work in pairs. Read the situations below and make a dialogue with your partner.

Situation 1.

Student A. You’re a student of medical college. You’ve got a younger schoolboy brother (sister). He learns human anatomy at school. Help him to get ready for his lesson on skeletal system. Ask him what he already knows about bones. Give him extra information on the topic.

Student B. You are a schoolboy. You’re learning human skeletal system. Talk to your elder brother (sister) about it. Ask him about bones and its structure.

Situation 2.

Student A. You’re a student of medical college. Today you’ve got a seminar “the human skeletal system”. Be ready to talk and answer your teacher’s questions.

Student B. You’re a teacher of Human Anatomy. Listen to your student’s answer and ask him questions on the topic.

Exercise 14. Solve the crossword below.

Crossword “BONES”

Across:

2. An irregular bone composing the spinal column.

4. A part of the spine consisting of seven vertebrae.

6. The lower part of the axial skeleton.

8. A flexible tissue inside long bones producing blood cells.

10. The smallest bone of our face.

13. An important chemical substance that makes bones strong.

Down:

1. The largest bone of the human body.

3. A saucer-shaped membrane bone situated at the back and lower part of the skull.

5. The largest, strongest and lowest bone in the face.

7. From Latin “costae”, the long curved bones.

9. One of the two long bones in the forearm.

11. A bone lower the knee, also known as the shinbone.

12. A part of spine with variable number of vertebrae.

PART II

Exercise 15. Read the sentences below and name the grammar tense of each sentence. Where is the verb to be the main? Where is the verb to be auxiliary?

My brother will be at home tomorrow.

The delegates will be met at the station.

When I reach London it will probably be raining.

You won’t be at the library next Monday.

Don’t disturb me in the evening, I’ll be preparing for exams.

The intravenous injection will be made tomorrow.

He’ll be at the concert next Sunday.

Tomorrow this time I’ll be going to the polyclinic.

I’ll be waiting for you at 9 a.m.

Where will he be tomorrow?

The ward will be cleaned tomorrow.

When I come back, they will be sleeping.

The patient will be examined tomorrow.

Good luck with the exam. I’ll be thinking of you.

I’ll be learning human anatomy all day tomorrow.

A big cake will be baked by Sam.

This building will be demolished next month.

They will be at the theatre tomorrow.

John will be helped by his doctor.

While the doctor is talking to the patient the nurse will be giving enema.

Exercise 16. Prediction game (ПРИЛОЖЕНИЕ 2)

Description:

Revise forming future with will.

Be sure you’re familiar with the words listed in Challenging Vocabulary.

Get your set of Time Cards and a set of Crystal Ball Cards.

Deal out the time cards.

Put the Crystal Cards face down in a pile in the centre.

Now you may look at your Time Cards.

The first player turns up a card from the pile. Make a sensible prediction with will using one of the Time Cards from your hand, e.g. “The weather tomorrow will be sunny”. If you do this discard both cards.

SomeCristal BallCards combine better with some Time Cards than others, e.g. “The weather tomorrow will be rainy” is better than “The weather in two years’ time will be rainy”. It’s up to you to choose the best Time Card from your hand.As the game goes on, and players have fewer Time Cards, this will get harder. In these cases the group can decide whether a sentence is a sensible prediction or not.

If you cannot produce a sensible prediction miss a go.

The object of the game is to get rid of all your cards.

The player who does this first is the winner.

Check your progress!

Test. Choose the only correct answer for each task.

The bones of the human skeleton can move at the place of:

a. jointsb. cartilagesc. tendons

The longest bone in our body is:

a. radiusb. humerusc. femur

The strongest bone of the face is:

a. nasalb. mandiblec. maxilla

The spinal column consists of ___ parts:

a. fourb. fivec. six

The part of axial skeleton is:

a. skullb. ulnac. scapula

Bone marrow produces:

a. fatb. hemoglobinc. blood cells

Knee joint is protected by:

a. pelvisb. femurc. patella

The adult skeleton weighs:

a. less than 10kgb. 10 kgc. more than 10kg

The synonym for the word clavicle is:

a. collar-boneb. shoulder-bladec. belly

The noun for the word lumbar is:

a. boneb. skullc. waist

Questions for discussion:

What are two divisions of the human skeleton?

How many bones are there in the adult human skeleton?

What are main bones of human skeleton?

What are the bones of the appendicular skeleton?

How do we call bones that constitute the spinal column?

What parts of the backbone do you know?

What does a long bone consist of?

What are the bones of the axial skeleton?

What kind of diet should you keep for strong bones?

What kind of physical activity should you get?

Эталоныответов

Exercise 1. 1.skull 2.clavicle 3.humerus 4.radius 5.ulna 6.femur 7.fibula 8.mandible 9.sternum 10.ribs 11.pelvis 12.coccyx 13.patella 14.tibia Exercise 2. Приложение 1. Exercise 3.1.bones 2.spine 3. ribs 4.sternum 5.femur 6.tibia 7.patella 8.radius 9.clavicle 10.calcium Exercise 4. 1.f 2.d 3.j 4.b 5.i 6.a 7.h 8.g 9.e 10.c Exercise 5.pelvis-pelvic, bone-osseous, chest-thoracic, skull-cranial, tooth-dental, neck-cervical, spine–spinal, sacrum–sacral, waist–lumbar, coccyx-coccygeal Exercise 6. 1.skull 2.cervical(7) 3.thorcic(12) 4.lumbar(5) 5.sacral(5) 6.coccyx(1-5)Exercise 7. 1a 2a 3a 4b 5a 6b 7a 8b 9a 10b 11b 12b Exercise 8. frontal, parietal, occipital, temporal, sphenoid, maxilla, mandible, lacrimal, ethmoid, zygomatic, nasal Exercise9.1.frontal 2.mandible 3.ethmoid 4.temporal 5.parietal 6.zygomatic 7.maxilla 8.sphenoid 9.lacrimal 10.nasal Exercise 10.knee, elbow, shoulder, wrist, ankle, hip joints. Not all joints move. The bones are protected by cartilage. Exercise 11. 1c 2e 3a 4b 5d Exercise12. Bone shapes: 1.long bones (femur) 2.short bones (wrist and ankle) 3.flat bones (skull and scapula) 4.irregular (vertebrae) Divisions of skeleton: axial: skull, vertebral column, thorax. Appendicular: shoulders, upper and lower extremities, hips. Structure of a long bone: 1.cancellous bone 2.medullary cavity 3.compact bone 4,6.epiphyses 5.diaphysis True or False?1T 2F 3T 4F 5F 6F 7T 8T 9T 10T Exercise 13.individual student’s answers Exercise 14. 1.femur 2.vertebra 3.occipital 4.cervical 5.mandible 6.pelvis 7.ribs 8.marrow 9.ulna 10.lacrimal 11.tibia 12.coccyx 13.calcium.Exercise 15. 1.F.S. active 2.F.S. passive 3.F.C. 4.F.S. active 5.F.C. 6.F.S. passive 7.F.S. active 8.F.C. 9.F.C. 10.F.S. active 11.F.S. passive 12. F.C.13.F.S. passive 14.F.C. 15.F.C. 16.F.S. passive 17.F.S. passive 18.F.S. active 19.F.S. passive 20.F.C. Exercise 16. Приложение 2. Part I. 1a 2c 3b 4b 5a 6c 7c 8a 9a 10c Part II. 1.axial and appendicular skeleton 2.the adult human skeletal system consists of 206 bones 3.cranium,vertebrae,ribs,sternum,clavicle etc. 4.shoulders, upper and lower extremities, hips 5.vertebrae 6.cervical, thoracic, lumbar,sacrum,coccyx 7.cancellous and compact bones, medullary cavity inside, epiphyses and diaphysis 8.skull, vertebral column, thorax 9.mixed diet with amount of calcium, for example dairy products, almonds, broccoli, kale, canned salmon with bones, etc. 10.weight-bearing exercises, such as walking, jogging, tennis and climbing stairs, can help you build strong bones and slow bone loss.