Филология для дошкольников: изучаем язык через игру и историю

PHILOLOGY IS THE STUDY OF LANGUAGE IN ORAL AND WRITTEN HISTORYCAL SOURCES

Philology is the study of language in oral and written historical sources; it is the intersection between literary criticism, history, and linguistics. Philology is more commonly defined as the study of literary texts as well as oral and written records, the establishment of their authenticity and their original form, and the determination of their meaning. A person who pursues this kind of study is known as a philologist.

Philology, with its focus on historical development (diachronic analysis), is contrasted with linguistics due to Ferdinand de Saussure's insistence on the importance of synchronic analysis. The contrast continued with the emergence of structuralism and Chomskyan linguistics alongside its emphasis on syntax.

Classical philology studies classical languages. Classical philology principally originated from the Library of Pergamum and the Library of Alexandriaaround the fourth century BCE, continued by Greeks and Romans throughout the Roman/Byzantine Empire.

Philology also includes the study of texts and their history. It includes elements of textual criticism, trying to reconstruct an author's original text based on variant copies of manuscripts. This branch of research arose among Ancient scholars in the 4th century BC Greek-speaking world, who desired to establish a standard text of popular authors for the purposes of both sound interpretation and secure transmission. Since that time, the original principles of textual criticism have been improved and applied to other widely distributed texts such as the Bible. Scholars have tried to reconstruct the original readings of the Bible from the manuscript variants. This method was applied to Classical Studies and to medieval texts as a way to reconstruct the author's original work. The method produced so-called "critical editions", which provided a reconstructed text accompanied by a "critical apparatus", i.e., footnotes that listed the various manuscript variants available, enabling scholars to gain insight into the entire manuscript tradition and argue about the variants.

This recent efflorescence of reflections on philology has had a second effect: like all emergent philology’s, it has significantly reformulated the field and its history. The new perspective is global, cosmopolitan, and multilingual; within this context, Greek literature (and the specific variant of philology which underwrites it) is only one component of a much broader field and may even seem at a disadvantage, thanks to its long and sometimes unrepentant association with European centers of cultural imperialism. The result is bracing, but inevitable: no serious assessment of philology today can start with the classical. It must begin instead with the major and significant body of writing emerging largely from other fields. This corpus, which begins with the fundamental statement of Paul de Man (a statement commonly contested but still of undeniable significance),

After suggesting that philology today includes both textual scholarship and interpretation (this is slightly controversial), I turn to philology’s tendency to take place behind the scenes, then to its role as the site of literature; its inevitably self-critical procedures; its commitment to the concrete and to concrete models of analysis; and, finally, its use of figural rhetoric to generate strong meaning. One theme, perhaps, ties these elements together: a systematic but surprisingly productive refusal to overextend itself. Philology does not allegorize; it does not make grand claims; it does not contaminate its gaze with concerns drawn from the present—and yet this refusal produces literary texts as concrete objects and, through an almost infinite discretion, imbues them, paradoxically, with powerful contemporary significance (this last theme will only emerge in the final section of the essay). It seems to me that the merits of philology so defined are debatable; indeed, they may need to be debated more strenuously than hitherto. I would prefer not to initiate such a debate here. My goal is only to document and provide a serviceable synthesishas as its most high-profile representatives Edward Said, Hans Ulrich Gumbrecht, Sheldon Pollock, Jerome McGann, Werner Hamacher, Emily Apter, and John Hamilton.

This provides a remarkably clear historical location for Pfeiffer’s own situation, and it further concretizes the impression that this history is a figural one. Writing in an age in which realist, historicist approaches to literature seemed to have begun to wither the work of restoring and explaining classical poetry on its own terms, Pfeiffer seemed to imagine his age as marked by the shipwreck of classical philology; a world in fragments, which, as it were, breathlessly awaited the next appearance of philologia perennis. Thus does Pfeiffer’s history of philology set up a triple set of figural correspondences, of which the third—like the soteriological event alluded to in Christian figural history—remains to come.

Philology is a science that can perfect the study of history. Not everyone has mastered the science of philology. Except the hobby of reading and historians. Because of this philology, it is known as a science that deals with the past in writing. The study of this manuscript is done because it is based on a hypothesis, that there are values relevant to life today.

The word philology comes from Greek. Now known as philology. Philology is the knowledge that ever existed. History proves that today's society, knows all aspects of the life of writing, an object, and a story. A manuscript that has value, which is able to give more information to rot. Manuscripts that have overall information coverage. It can be understood as the key to knowledge development.

The object of philological studies.

All intellectuals know that every science has a research object. then philology has the object of study. This is related to the manuscript and classic texts in the past.

Thus, the philology reviewer must master the language. So it can be said that philology as a science that is about Language.

Philology is the study of language in written historical sources; it is a combination of literary criticism, history, and linguistics. It is more commonly defined as the study of literary texts and written records, the establishment of their authenticity and their original form, and the determination of their meaning. A person who pursues this kind of study is known as philologist.In accordance with the above theory, and then philology can be understood as scientific literature. The cause is seen as a literature because the object of research is text and language in the manuscript. To understand classical texts can be studied in manuscripts stored and found in a study. Obviously, philology has specific objects and targets in the manuscript. But the study of philology is not only on itself, but also as the object of studies.Philology aims to reveal past civilizations written on manuscripts.

Адрес публикации: https://www.prodlenka.org/metodicheskie-razrabotki/327086-philology-is-the-study-of-language-in-oral-an