FOREIGN PHILOLOGY

FOREIGN PHILOLOGY

Philology is the study of language in oral and written historical sources; it is the intersection between literary criticism, history, and linguistics. Philology is more commonly defined as the study of literary texts as well as oral and written records, the establishment of their authenticity and their original form, and the determination of their meaning. A person who pursues this kind of study is known as a philologist.

In older usage, especially British, philology is more general, covering comparative and historical linguistics.

Classical philology studies classical languages. Classical philology principally originated from the Library of Pergamum and the Library of Alexandria around the fourth century BCE, continued by Greeks and Romans throughout the Roman/Byzantine Empire. It was preserved and promoted during the Islamic Golden Age, and eventually resumed by European scholars of the Renaissance, where it was soon joined by philologies of other non-Asian (European) (Germanic, Celtic), Eurasian (Slavistics, etc.) and Asian (Arabic, Persian, Sanskrit, Chinese, etc.) languages. Indo-European studies involves the comparative philology of all Indo-European languages.

Philology, with its focus on historical development (diachronic analysis), is contrasted with linguistics due to Ferdinand de Saussure's insistence on the importance of synchronic analysis. The contrast continued with the emergence of structuralism and Chomskyan linguistics alongside its emphasis on syntax.

History

The emergence of the first philologists is closely connected with the educational processes. So, in ancient Greece school students began to teach literature, which is already evidence of the importance of the language and its artistic component.

T he first works in the history of the language and the study of its properties appeared about 2500 years ago. This time is officially recognized as the birth date of the specialty "philologist". However, the profession has evolved earlier. In the Middle Ages, philological works are closely related to religion, because they were mainly devoted to the history of the emergence of the faith and its righteousness. Nowadays, philology is rapidly developing in far from all countries, because for its flourishing it is important that there is no pressure on science from the ruling authorities and politics.

Description

The profession of a philologist has a lot of secrets and nuances. It includes a wide range of activities and involves mental work. Depending on the type of work done, philologists are divided into specialists in two fields of activity: Philologist-researcher. The activity of this specialist consists in the constant study of the language: its history, development, origin, and analysis of the facts already established. All this may lead to discoveries, which later will be useful to our heirs.

It is philologists who are the guarantors of literacy of the population, because without such scientific activity, mankind would have sunk into ignorance and lack of writing. Philologist practitioner. This specialist brings the basics and accumulated knowledge to people. Usually philologists teach in higher and secondary educational institutions. Their task is educational. They give people the knowledge and skills that allow humanity to develop. The philologist's activity is to study the language, but not so much its words and components, as historical facts, etymologies, the explanation of certain concepts, depending on the period of time. The philologist is a connoisseur of the history of the language.

Адрес публикации: https://www.prodlenka.org/metodicheskie-razrabotki/325065-foreign-philology